JNTU B.Pharmacy IV PHARMACOVIGILANCE Previous Question Paper (December 2023 / January 2024 - R17)

Relative risk (RR) is a measure of the association between an exposure and an outcome, defined as the ratio of the probability of an event occurring in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a non-exposed group.

In this formula, a represents exposed individuals with the outcome, b represents exposed individuals without the outcome, c represents unexposed individuals with the outcome, and d represents unexposed individuals without the outcome.

Rational use of drugs (RUD) is defined as a situation where patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community. It ensures that the right drug is selected based on efficacy, safety, suitability, and cost-effectiveness for the specific patient.

Key components of rational drug use include:

• Correct diagnosis and assessment of the patient's condition.
• Selection of the most appropriate therapeutic intervention.
• Consideration of the patient's medical history, potential drug interactions, and contraindications.
• Provision of clear information and instructions to the patient regarding the medication regimen.
• Regular monitoring of the treatment outcome and adherence.