JNTU
JNTU B.Tech II FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES Previous Question Paper (November/December - 2017 - R16)
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks.
Part A
Name some important properties of fluid.
Answer
The important properties of a fluid include density (mass per unit volume), specific weight (weight per unit volume), viscosity (resistance to flow or shear stress), surface tension (force per unit length at the interface), and compressibility (change in volume due to pressure changes).
What do you mean by the term viscosity?
Answer
Viscosity is the property of a fluid that determines its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. It is a measure of a fluid's internal friction or its resistance to flow.
When a fluid flows, different layers move at different velocities, creating a velocity gradient. The fluid layers exert a tangential force on each other, which opposes the relative motion. This shear stress (τ) is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain (du/dy) for Newtonian fluids, expressed as:
In this equation, μ represents the coefficient of dynamic viscosity. Viscosity arises due to cohesive forces between molecules in liquids and due to molecular momentum transfer in gases.
Define stream line and path line.
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What are the surface and body forces?
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Define drag force of an object immersed in a fluid.
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What is coefficient of discharge?
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Give the equation for force exerted by jet of water on stationary plate and moving plate.
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What is meant by governing of a turbine?
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What is negative slip in reciprocating pump?
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Define specific speed of a centrifugal pump.
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Part B
Explain the terms viscosity, vapour pressure and capillarity.
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Convert a pressure head of 100m of water to: i) Kerosene of specific gravity 0.81 and ii) Carbon tetrachloride of specific gravity 1.6.
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Define atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure, vacuum pressure, and absolute pressure.
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An inverted differential manometer containing an oil of specific gravity 0.9 is connected to find the difference in pressures at two points of a pipe containing water. If the manometer reading is 400mm, find the difference of pressures.
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State and derive continuity equation for three dimensional flow.
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A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 200mm and throat diameter 100mm is used to measure the flow of water. The pressure at inlet is 0.18 N/mm2 and the vacuum pressure at the throat is 280mm of mercury. Find the rate of flow. The value of Cd may be taken as 0.98.
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Define steady, unsteady, uniform and non-uniform flows.
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250 lit/sec of water is flowing in a pipe having a diameter of 300mm. If the pipe is bent by 1350, find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the bend. The pressure of the water flowing is 400kN/m2. Take specific weight of water as 9.81kN/m3.
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Describe the measures to be taken to prevent boundary layer separation.
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Explain the principles and working of a venturimeter with a neat sketch.
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Describe Reynolds experiment with a neat sketch.
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The following data relate to an orifice meter: Diameter of the pipe = 300mm, Diameter of the orifice = 150mm, Reading of the differential manometer = 500mm of mercury, Specific gravity of oil = 0.9, Co-efficient of discharge of meter = 0.64. Determine the rate of flow.
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What are the functions of a draft tube? Why does a Pelton wheel not possess any draft tube?
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A jet of water moving with a velocity of 20m/s impinges on a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 10m/s. The jet makes an angle of 200 with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 1300 to the direction of motion of vane at outlet. Determine: i) The angles of curved vane tips so that water enters and leaves without shock ii) The work done per N of water entering the vane.
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Draw a schematic diagram of a Francis turbine and explain briefly its construction and working. Also discuss its design specifications.
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Enumerate the losses which occur when a centrifugal pump operates.
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What is negative slip in reciprocating pump? Explain with neat sketches the function of air vessels in a reciprocating pump.
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Explain the working of a single-stage centrifugal pump with a neat sketch.
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Distinguish between centrifugal and Reciprocating pumps.
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