Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech III Year SPACE PROPULSION Previous Question Paper (February - 2023 - R18)

Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first object.

Orbits are generally classified based on their altitude, inclination, and shape. The primary types include:

• Low Earth Orbit (LEO): Located at an altitude of approximately 160 to 2,000 km, commonly used for Earth observation and the International Space Station.
• Medium Earth Orbit (MEO): Situated between LEO and Geostationary orbit, typically at altitudes around 20,000 km, primarily used for navigation satellite constellations like GPS.
• Geostationary Orbit (GEO): A circular orbit at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km above the equator, where the satellite's orbital period matches Earth's rotation, making it appear stationary relative to a point on the ground.
• Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO): Orbits with high eccentricity, such as the Molniya orbit, which allow for extended dwell times over high-latitude regions.
• Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO): A near-polar orbit designed so that the satellite passes over any given point on Earth's surface at the same local solar time.