JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2022 - R16)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
What are the four general categories of airspace? Brief about them.
Answer
The four general categories of airspace are defined based on the complexity of air traffic and the level of service provided:
- Controlled Airspace: Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) service is provided to IFR and VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification. It includes Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace.
- Uncontrolled Airspace: Airspace that has not been designated as controlled airspace (Class G). ATC has no authority or responsibility for controlling air traffic, though flight information services may be provided if resources permit.
- Special Use Airspace: Airspace designated for activities that must be confined because of their nature or to impose limitations on aircraft operations that are not part of those activities. Examples include Prohibited, Restricted, Warning, Military Operations Areas (MOA), and Alert Areas.
- Other Airspace: A residual category encompassing areas such as Airport Advisory Areas, Military Training Routes (MTRs), Parachute Jump Aircraft Operations, and Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) that do not fit strictly into the primary regulatory classifications.
What is the difference between a jet route and an airway?
Answer
The primary differences between jet routes and airways relate to their altitude structure, navigation requirements, and the type of traffic they are designed to accommodate:
| Feature | Airway (Victor Airway) | Jet Route (Q/T Routes) |
|---|---|---|
| Altitude Range | 1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL. | 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL450. |
| Designation | Identified by the letter 'V' followed by a number (e.g., V12). | Identified by the letter 'J' (for VOR-based) or 'Q'/'T' (for RNAV-based). |
| Navigation | Primarily based on VOR/VORTAC navigation aids. | Designed for high-altitude, long-range jet operations, often utilizing RNAV/GNSS. |
| ATC Control | Used for low-to-medium altitude navigation. | Used for high-speed, high-altitude transit, requiring strict IFR separation. |
While airways are established to provide a network of routes for general aviation and commercial aircraft at lower altitudes, jet routes are specifically structured to accommodate the performance characteristics of turbine-powered aircraft at higher altitudes, ensuring efficient fuel consumption and separation in the high-altitude en-route environment.
Explain the features of Airspace Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E and Class G.
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Explain the purpose and operation of the Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS).
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Explain wake turbulence and the rules concerning its avoidance.
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Explain how the local controller separates aircraft in the traffic pattern.
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What are the four different methods of nonradar separation?
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What variables affect the size of a holding pattern?
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What is the function of the radar transmitter, feedhorn, antenna, and receiver?
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Explain the differences between the uses for handoffs and point outs.
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What types of ATC services are available to pilots?
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How are lost and overdue aircraft assisted?
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Explain the following:
- Departure delay program
- En-route metering program
- En-route sector loading program.
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