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JNTU B.Tech IV AVIONICS AND INSTRUMENTS Previous Question Paper (September - 2020 - R15)
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Describe the architecture of A-529 data bus with neat sketch indicating word format and its applications.
Answer
The ARINC 529 (A-529) data bus, often referred to as the Mark 2 Airborne Integrated Data System (AIDS), was developed to provide a standardized method for collecting, recording, and transmitting flight data. Its architecture is designed to interface with various aircraft sensors and systems to monitor performance and maintenance parameters.
The architecture consists of a central data acquisition unit that interfaces with multiple remote data acquisition units (RDAUs) via a serial digital bus. It utilizes a master-slave configuration where the central unit polls the remote units to collect data. The system is characterized by its ability to handle both analog and digital inputs, converting them into a standardized serial format for recording on magnetic tape or transmission to ground stations.
The word format of the A-529 bus is typically a 32-bit word structure. It is divided into specific fields: a 4-bit sync pattern for frame synchronization, an 8-bit address field to identify the source or parameter, and a 20-bit data field containing the actual sensor information or status. This structure ensures high integrity and error detection during data transmission.
Key applications of the A-529 include:
- Flight Data Monitoring: Continuous recording of engine parameters, flight control surface positions, and aircraft attitude for post-flight analysis.
- Maintenance Diagnostics: Identifying system degradation or impending failures through trend analysis of recorded data.
- Accident Investigation: Providing a historical record of aircraft state and system performance prior to an incident.
- Performance Optimization: Analyzing fuel consumption and flight profiles to improve operational efficiency.
The system architecture sketch involves a central processor connected to a bus controller, which manages the communication flow across the serial link. The remote units are daisy-chained or star-connected to the bus, with each unit assigned a unique address to prevent data collisions and ensure orderly polling by the master controller.
Explain briefly about the concept of integrated modular avionics.
Answer
Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) is an architectural approach that replaces traditional federated avionics systems, where each function has its own dedicated hardware and software, with a shared, centralized computing resource. In an IMA system, multiple aircraft functions—such as flight management, navigation, and systems monitoring—are hosted on common processing modules within a shared cabinet.
Key features include:
- Resource Sharing: Computing power, memory, and I/O resources are pooled, reducing the total number of line-replaceable units (LRUs) on the aircraft.
- Partitioning: Robust software partitioning ensures that critical functions remain isolated, preventing a failure in one application from affecting others running on the same hardware.
- Scalability and Weight Reduction: By consolidating hardware, IMA significantly reduces aircraft weight, power consumption, and cooling requirements, while simplifying system upgrades and maintenance.
- Standardization: IMA relies on standardized interfaces and high-speed data buses like ARINC 664 (AFDX) to facilitate communication between modules.
Write a short note on multi-function control and display unit.
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Which are the two main types of displays? Give examples of each type.
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How do we achieve high range long scale displays?
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What do you think of data fusion in displays? Explain its constructional features and characteristics.
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What is GPS and explain the working of GPS with codes of communication used for locating the object.
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Explain the principles of operation of Inertial Navigation system with suitable sketches.
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List and explain the error corrections involved in Inertial Navigation System (INS)/ State the reasons of errors.
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Illustrate the functioning of Pulse-Doppler RADAR in surveillance systems.
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Describe briefly the Collision Avoidance System (CAS) in surveillance system.
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