JNTU B.Tech I COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Previous Question Paper (June - 2022 - R13)

The process of creating and executing a C program involves several sequential stages:

1. Writing the Source Code: Using a text editor, the programmer writes the code in C language and saves it with a .c extension.
2. Preprocessing: The preprocessor handles directives like #include and #define, replacing them with actual code or header file contents.
3. Compilation: The compiler translates the preprocessed source code into assembly language or machine-level object code (.obj or .o file).
4. Linking: The linker combines the object code with necessary library functions (like printf or scanf) to create an executable file (.exe).
5. Loading and Execution: The loader brings the executable file into the computer's memory (RAM), and the CPU executes the instructions.

Tokens are the smallest individual units of a C program. They are categorized into the following types:

• Keywords: Predefined, reserved words with special meanings. Examples:

  int, float, if, else, while

• Identifiers: Names given to variables, functions, or arrays. Examples:

  sum, total_marks, calculateArea

• Constants: Fixed values that do not change during execution. Examples:

  10, 3.14, 'A', "Hello"

• Strings: A sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes. Example:

  "Welcome to C"

• Operators: Symbols used to perform arithmetic, logical, or relational operations. Examples:

  +, -, *, ==, &&

• Special Symbols: Characters used for specific structural purposes. Examples:

  { }, [ ], ( ), ;, ,