JNTU
JNTU B.Tech II SURVEYING Previous Question Paper (March - 2021 - R15)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Main
Discuss about the classification of surveying based on the function.
Answer
Based on the function, surveying is classified into the following categories:
- Land Surveying: Conducted to determine the boundaries and areas of land parcels. It includes cadastral surveys for legal property boundaries, city surveys for urban planning, and topographical surveys for mapping natural and artificial features.
- Marine or Hydrographic Surveying: Involves surveying bodies of water to determine the configuration of the bottom, the depth of water, and the location of navigational channels. It is essential for harbor works, navigation, and coastal engineering.
- Astronomical Surveying: Used to determine the absolute position of points on the surface of the earth by observing celestial bodies like the sun or stars. This provides the necessary data for establishing control points in large-scale geodetic surveys.
Define orientation. Explain any one method of orientation in detail.
Answer
Orientation is the process of setting a plane table at each successive station so that the table is always parallel to the position it occupied at the starting station. This ensures that the lines drawn on the paper are parallel to the corresponding lines on the ground.
One common method is Orientation by Backsighting:
- Suppose the plane table is set up at station A and oriented. A line ab is drawn on the paper representing the line AB on the ground.
- The table is then moved to station B. To orient it, the alidade is placed along the line ba drawn on the paper.
- The table is then rotated until the ranging rod at station A is bisected by the line of sight of the alidade.
- Once bisected, the table is clamped. The board is now oriented, and all subsequent lines drawn from station B will be parallel to those drawn from station A.
A base line was measured to be 150 m long with a tape at a field temperature of 27°C, the applied pull being 14 kg. The tape was standardised at a temperature of 15°C with a pull of 8 kg. If the designated length of the tape is 20 m, weight of 1 cm3 of tape is 7.86 g, total weight of tape is 0.8 kg. E = 2.1 × 106 kg/cm2, α = 11.2 × 10-6 /°C. Find the true length of the line.
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Define declination. The magnetic bearing of sun at noon was 170° C. Calculate the magnetic declination.
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The following consecutive readings were taken with a levelling instrument at intervals of 20 m: 2.375, 1.730, 0.615, 3.450, 2.835, 2.070, 1.835, 0.985, 0.435, 1.630, 2.255, and 3.630 m. The instrument was shifted after 4th and 8th readings. The first reading was taken on a BM of RL 112.0m. Calculate reduced levels and apply usual checks.
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List out the characteristics of contours.
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In order to obtain the area of a plot, a series of perpendicular offsets: - 2.2 m, 3.0 m, 1.65 m, 2.46 m, 2.0 m, 2.25 m, and 1.68 m were laid from a survey line to an irregular boundary at regular intervals of 5 m. Find the desired area using trapezoidal rule.
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A railway embankment is 12 m wide. The ground is level in a direction transverse to the centre line. Calculate the volume contained in a 100 m length by trapezoidal and Prismoidal rule, if the side slope is 1.5:1. The centre heights at 20 m interval are 3.7 m, 2.6 m, 4.0 m, 3.4 m, 2.8 m, 3.0 m, and 2.2 m.
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Define horizontal angle and vertical angle.
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List out the methods of measuring horizontal angles in theodolite surveying and also explain any one method in detail with a neat sketch.
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Define tacheometry. Describe the conditions under which tacheometric surveying is advantageous.
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The vertical angles to vanes fixed at 1 m and 3 m above the foot of the staff held vertically at a station A were + 2°30' and + 5°48' respectively. Find the horizontal distance and the reduced level of A if the height of the instrument, determined from observation on to a B.M. is 438.556 m above the datum.
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The chainage of the intersection of two straights having the deflection angle of 50° is 1680.0 m. If the radius of the curve is 450 m. Calculate the following:
a) Tangent length and length of the curve
b) length of the long chord and apex distance
c) chainage of first tangent point and chainage of second tangent point.
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What are the objectives of a GIS? Explain about the components of a GIS.
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What are three segments of GPS? Explain their functions briefly.
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