JNTU
JNTU B.Tech II HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY Previous Question Paper (April/May - 2023 - R15)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B. ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions. iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
What is energy dissipation?
Answer
Energy dissipation is the process by which the kinetic energy of flowing water is converted into heat or other forms of energy, typically occurring in hydraulic structures like stilling basins to prevent downstream erosion.
Define specific energy.
Answer
Specific energy is defined as the energy per unit weight of the flowing fluid measured with respect to the channel bottom. It is expressed as:
where y is the depth of flow and v is the mean velocity.
List any three dimensionless numbers.
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Define model and prototype.
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Draw the layout of typical hydropower plant.
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List out applications of radial flow turbines.
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Classify turbines.
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Write down uses of surge tanks.
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Define NPSH.
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Define capacity factor.
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Part B
State the conditions under which uniform and non-uniform flows are produced.
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Differentiate between ‘Gradually varied flow’ and ‘Rapidly varied flow’.
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For a trapezoidal channel of most economical section, prove that:
Half of top width=Length of one of the sloping sides;
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Hydraulic mean depth=1/2 × depth of flow.
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What is meant by geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities? Are these similarities truly attainable? If not why?
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What are distorted models? What are the reasons of constructing such models for rivers?
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In the model test of a spillway the discharge and velocity of flow over the model were 2.5 m3/s and 1.5 m/s respectively. Calculate the velocity and discharge over the prototype which is 36 times the model size.
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In a geometrically similar model of spillway the discharge per meter length is 0.2 m3/s. If the scale of the model is 1/36, find the discharge per meter run of the prototype.
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A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 300 with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 900 to the direction of motion of vane at outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet and determine the vane angles at inlet and outlet so that the water enters and leaves the vane without shock.
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Show that the force exerted by a jet of water on moving inclined plate in the direction of jet is given by
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Draw a schematic diagram of a Francis turbine and explain briefly its construction and working.
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On what factors does the cavitation in water turbines depend?
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Determine the overall efficiency of a Kaplan turbine developing 2850 kW under a head of 5.2 m. It is provided with a draft tube with its inlet (diameter 3 m) set 1.8 m above tail race level. A vacuum gauge connected to the draft tube indicates a reading of 5.2 m of water. Assume draft tube efficiency as 75 percent.
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Describe multi-stage pump with (i) impeller in series and (ii) impellers in parallel.
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Give the operational difficulties commonly experienced in centrifugal pumps and their remedies.
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A centrifugal pump working in a dock pump 1565 litres per second against a mean lift of 6.1m when the impeller rotates at 200 r.p.m. The impeller diameter is 1.22m and the area at outer periphery is 6450 cm2. If the vanes are set back at an angle of 260 at the outlet determine (a) Hydraulic efficiency, (b) Power required to drive the pump, and (c) Minimum speed to start pumping if the ratio of external to internal diameter is 2.
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