JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech III Year I Semester NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION Previous Question Paper (August/September - 2024 - R16)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B. ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions. iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
Draw the solar spectrum and highlight the different regions in it.
Answer
The solar spectrum represents the distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun as a function of wavelength. It is typically divided into three primary regions:
- Ultraviolet (UV) region: Wavelengths shorter than 0.4 μm, accounting for approximately 8% of the total solar energy.
- Visible region: Wavelengths between 0.4 μm and 0.7 μm, containing about 47% of the total solar energy.
- Infrared (IR) region: Wavelengths longer than 0.7 μm, which accounts for the remaining 45% of the solar energy.
The spectrum is often illustrated as a curve plotting spectral irradiance (W/m²/μm) against wavelength (μm), showing a peak intensity within the visible light range.
Mention the different zones in a solar pond with salient features.
Answer
A solar pond consists of three distinct thermal zones based on salinity gradients:
- Surface Convective Zone (SCZ): The top layer of the pond, which has low salinity and remains at ambient temperature. It acts as a buffer against evaporation and wind-induced mixing.
- Non-Convective Zone (NCZ): The middle layer, characterized by a salinity gradient that increases with depth. This zone acts as an insulator, preventing heat loss by suppressing convection currents.
- Storage Zone (SZ): The bottom layer, which has high, uniform salinity and acts as the heat reservoir. Solar radiation absorbed here is trapped because the density gradient prevents the hot, buoyant water from rising to the surface.
Draw the equivalent circuit of PV system and describe it.
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What are the preferred tilt angles of solar panels in winter and summer at a site in Hyderabad?
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What is mean by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique?
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How can harnessing wind energy be viewed as an integral component of solar power utilization?
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State the desirable properties of biogas.
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What is the use of flash chambers in geothermal power plants? List out few geothermal potential areas in India.
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Differentiate wave energy and tidal energy.
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Discuss the factors affecting the voltage and capacity of a battery.
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Part B
Explain the working of a sunshine recorder with a suitable schematic diagram.
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Evaluate the declination angle for the location (28° 35' N, 87° 12'E) for 20th February.
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Describe the construction and working of solar water heating systems.
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Explain the working of solar pond integrated thermal power plant.
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Explain different solar tracking methods.
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Discuss the effects of series and parallel connections of solar PV cell/module with selective I-V characteristics.
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A solar cell having a Fill factor (FF) of 68% gives 0.6 V at maximum power point at STC. The cell gives 3 A short circuit current and 0.7 V open circuit voltage. What is the current at the maximum power point of the solar cell?
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Explain solar thermoelectric power generation with suitable sketches.
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Analyze the design considerations involved in horizontal axis wind turbines, considering factors such as blade design, rotor size, aerodynamics, and structural integrity of towers?
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Explain the operational principles and performance characteristics of vertical axis windmills with a schematic layout.
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Explain the yaw, pitch and tethering controls of wind turbines.
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The wind velocity at a wind site is available at 12 m/s. The windmill selected is 10 m diameter and 300 RPM with maximum efficiency of 35%. Find the power output and axial thrust on the turbine.
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Distinguish wet and dry processes biomass conversion technologies.
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Compare the fixed digester biogas plant and floating dome digester biogas plant.
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Examine the engineering aspects and design parameters crucial in the development of biomass gasification systems.
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Interpret the operational intricacies and thermodynamic principles underlying petro-thermal systems.
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Compare the operational features of a single and double basin tidal power plants.
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The observed difference between the high and low water tides is 8.5 m for the proposed site. The basin area is about 0.5 km2 which can generate power for 3 hours in each cycle. The average available head is assumed to be 8 m, and the overall efficiency of the generation is 72%. Calculate the power at any instant and the yearly power output. The average density of seawater is 1025 kg/m3.
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Describe the working of a solid oxide fuel cell with a schematic layout.
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Distinguish between the battery and a fuel cell.
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