Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech IV IRRIGATION AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Explain different types of dams found in your state. Discuss the salient aspects of Kaleswaram Dam constructed recently.
Answer
Dams in Telangana are primarily classified based on the materials used and their structural behavior. Common types include Gravity dams (e.g., Nagarjuna Sagar Dam), which rely on their own weight for stability; Earth dams (e.g., Sriram Sagar Project), constructed from compacted soil and rock fill; and Barrages, which are low-height structures designed primarily for diversion rather than large-scale storage.
The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project is a multi-stage, multi-purpose scheme rather than a single dam. Its salient aspects include:
- Multi-stage Pumping: It utilizes a series of massive pumping stations to lift water from the Godavari River to higher elevations, overcoming significant topographical gradients.
- Barrage Construction: It features three major barrages—Medigadda, Annaram, and Sundilla—which act as diversion structures to store and regulate water flow.
- Inter-linking: The project connects various reservoirs and canals to provide irrigation to over 18 lakh acres and supply drinking water to several districts.
- Efficiency: It is designed to utilize water during the monsoon season, ensuring water availability for both Kharif and Rabi crops through a complex network of tunnels and pipelines.
What is the purpose of mass curve? Describe the procedure for using the mass curve.
Answer
A mass curve (or mass inflow curve) is a graphical representation of the cumulative inflow volume into a reservoir plotted against time. Its primary purpose is to determine the required storage capacity of a reservoir to meet a specific demand rate over a critical dry period.
The procedure for using the mass curve is as follows:
- Plotting: Plot the cumulative volume of water inflow (in cubic meters or hectare-meters) on the y-axis against time (months or years) on the x-axis.
- Demand Line: Draw a line representing the cumulative demand (constant rate of withdrawal) starting from the beginning of the critical dry period.
- Tangents: Draw lines parallel to the demand line that are tangent to the high points (crests) of the mass curve.
- Intercept Measurement: The maximum vertical intercept between the tangent line and the mass curve represents the required storage capacity to satisfy the given demand during that period.
- Analysis: If the inflow curve is flatter than the demand line, the reservoir is being depleted; the maximum difference indicates the point where the reservoir would be empty if not for the calculated storage capacity.
Draw the cross-sections of the zoned earth dam you would select if the materials available are gravel and clayey silt.
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Present a detailed procedure for estimation of life of reservoir.
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Explain the concept of elementary profile of a gravity dam and explain how it is useful in classifying a dam as low and high.
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Check the stability of the gravity dam for the following data: Top width = 5m, freeboard = 3m, u/s FRL depth = 60m, u/s batter = 1/10, d/s slope = 0.7H to 1V, u/s remains vertical to a depth of 12m from top. There is no tail water and silt.
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Explain analytical method for stability analysis of a gravity dam.
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Using the data given below design and sketch the practical profile of a gravity dam of stone masonry:
Ground level = 130.50 m
HFL = 155.50 m
Wave height = 1 m
Specific Gravity of Masonry = 2.25
Permissible stress in stone masonry = 1250 kN/m2
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Discuss measures to control seepage through earth dam and their foundation.
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Following data refers to homogeneous earth dam: Top width = 4.5m, Head of water u/s = 15 m. u/s and d/s slope = 2.5 H: 1 V and 2H: 1V respectively, Free board = 2.5 m. Horizontal filter 35 m from d/s toe, Co-efficient of permeability K = 0.008 cm/sec. Calculate seepage per meter length of dam.
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An overflow spillway with its upstream face vertical is to be designed for a flood of 7200 cumec. Height of spillway crest above river bed is 52 m. The end walls of spillway are 75 m apart and there are 5 piers, each 2 m wide. Determine total head over the crest of spillway. Take C = 2.2, Ka = 0.10 and Kp = 0.01.
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Describe various energy dissipation devices used below spillway in relation to the position of jump height curve (JHC) and tail water rating curve.
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Draw a neat sketch of layout of a Diversion headwork and explain the functions of components.
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Two sheet piles of unequal length are provided at the two ends of an impervious floor of 15m length and 1m thick. Total head created on the floor is 3m. Using Khosla’s method of independent variables, calculate the uplift pressure at the key points, if the upstream pile is 3m deep and downstream pile is 5m deep.
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Explain stepwise procedure for designing a Sarda type fall.
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What is meant by Cross Drainage works? Describe with help of neat sketches various types of CD works.
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