JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV BASICS OF POWER PLANT ENGINEERING Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Answer the following questions regarding steam power plant operations.
Draw P-h and T-s diagrams for Rankine cycle used for the operation of steam power plant unit and explain its principle of operation along with the equation for thermal efficiency.
Answer
The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of steam power plants. It converts heat energy into mechanical work through a phase-change process of a working fluid, typically water.
The cycle consists of four main processes:
- 1-2 (Isentropic Compression): Water is pumped from low pressure to high boiler pressure.
- 2-3 (Constant Pressure Heat Addition): Water is heated in the boiler to form superheated steam.
- 3-4 (Isentropic Expansion): Steam expands through the turbine, performing work.
- 4-1 (Constant Pressure Heat Rejection): Steam is condensed back into water in the condenser.
T-s Diagram: X-axis (Entropy s), Y-axis (Temperature T). Processes: 1-2 (Vertical line), 2-3 (Constant pressure curve), 3-4 (Vertical line), 4-1 (Constant temperature/pressure line).
The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is defined as the ratio of net work output to the heat supplied in the boiler:
Describe the fuel and ash handling circuits used in thermal power plant by drawing the flow chart of the processes.
Answer
In a thermal power plant, fuel and ash handling systems are critical for continuous operation. The fuel handling circuit involves receiving coal, crushing it, and transporting it to the boiler furnace, while the ash handling circuit manages the removal and disposal of combustion by-products.
Flow Chart of Fuel Handling:
Coal Unloading -> Storage -> Preparation (Crushing/Pulverizing) -> Conveyor -> Boiler Furnace
Flow Chart of Ash Handling:
Furnace Ash -> Ash Hopper -> Quenching -> Ash Disposal System -> Ash Pond
- Fuel Circuit: Coal is unloaded from wagons, stored in bunkers, pulverized to increase surface area for efficient combustion, and fed into the boiler.
- Ash Circuit: Ash collected from the furnace bottom and electrostatic precipitators is quenched with water to prevent dust and transported via hydraulic or pneumatic systems to an ash pond for final disposal.
Why draught is necessary in steam power plant? Explain how the natural draught is created.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the method of treatment of water used in thermal power plants along with its importance.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What is the basic operating cycle for the operation of gas turbine power plants? Explain its principle of operation with a schematic diagram.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What are the components required for integrated gasifier based combined cycle power generation system? Explain them.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Draw the schematic diagram of simple combined cycle power generation unit and discuss their advantages and limitations.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
How to optimize the Brayton cycle based network output? Discuss the salient points.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What are different safety measures to be taken for the operation of nuclear power plants? Explain in detail.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion and which process is more efficient?
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Draw the simple diagram for fast breeder reactor used in nuclear thermal power plant and explain its constructional and operational features.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the advantages and limitations of gas cooled and liquid cooled reactors used in Nuclear power plants.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the principle of operation of tidal power generation unit along with a suitable diagram and discuss their limitations.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
How to make use of the solar energy effectively in power generation sector? Why it has become major energy resource for future? Justify.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What are different operating costs involved in power generation system? How they arrive the unit cost of power generation? Explain.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
How to dispose the waste from nuclear power plants? Explain different problems associated during disposal.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.