JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY Previous Question Paper (September - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
What are the reasons for variation in solar radiation reaching the earth than received at the outside of the atmosphere?
Answer
- Atmospheric Absorption: Gases such as ozone, water vapor, and carbon dioxide absorb specific wavelengths of solar radiation. Ozone absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation, while water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb infrared radiation.
- Atmospheric Scattering: Molecules and small particles in the atmosphere scatter solar radiation in all directions. Rayleigh scattering occurs due to air molecules, while Mie scattering is caused by dust, smoke, and pollutants. This reduces the direct beam radiation reaching the surface.
- Reflection: Clouds and atmospheric particulates reflect a portion of the incoming solar radiation back into space, preventing it from reaching the ground.
- Air Mass (Path Length): The distance radiation travels through the atmosphere depends on the sun's zenith angle. At low sun angles, the radiation travels through a thicker layer of the atmosphere, increasing the probability of absorption and scattering.
- Cloud Cover: Clouds are the most variable factor, significantly attenuating both direct and diffuse radiation depending on their thickness and density.
Calculate the angle made by the beam radiation with the normal to a flat plate collector, pointing due south located in New Delhi (28° 38' North, 77° 17' East) at 9:00 hour, solar time on December 1st. The collector is tilted at angle of 36° with the horizontal.
Answer
cos θ = sin(φ - β) sin δ + cos(φ - β) cos δ cos ω1. Declination (δ): For December 1st, n = 335.
δ = 23.45 sin(360/365 * (284 + 335)) = -22.11°ω = (12 - 9) * 15° = 45°φ - β = 28.633° - 36° = -7.367°
cos θ = sin(-7.367°) sin(-22.11°) + cos(-7.367°) cos(-22.11°) cos(45°)
cos θ = (-0.1282 * -0.3764) + (0.9917 * 0.9265 * 0.7071)
cos θ = 0.0482 + 0.6497 = 0.6979
θ = cos⁻¹(0.6979) = 45.74°
Define the terms: Solar constant, Latitude angle, and Incident angle.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
List out the advantages of flat plate collectors.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Classify the methods of solar energy storage. Describe thermal energy storage systems.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Describe a passive solar space heating system.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Briefly explain about sensible heat and latent heat storage techniques.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Write a short note on Betz criteria and explain how it is relevant to power generation.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What are the techniques suggested for maintaining the biogas production? Briefly explain any one technique.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
What are the merits and demerits of floating drum plant?
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the process of biomass conversion process.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
With the help of neat sketch, explain the working principle of I.C engine.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Describe the main types of turbines in brief, which may be used for geothermal energy conversion.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Differentiate between tidal and wave energy generations.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Write a short note on power generation system.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.
Explain the Carnot cycle with its limitations.
Answer
Sign in to view the complete answer paper.