Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech IV SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Previous Question Paper (September - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Differentiate between Solid waste management and Integrated solid waste management with suitable examples.
Answer
Solid Waste Management (SWM) traditionally refers to the systematic process of collecting, transporting, processing, and disposing of waste materials, often focusing on a single method like landfilling or incineration. It is typically linear and reactive, addressing waste only after it is generated.
Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a holistic approach that evaluates the entire waste stream and selects a combination of techniques to manage it effectively. It emphasizes the waste hierarchy: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, and finally, residual disposal.
| Feature | SWM | ISWM |
|---|---|---|
| Approach | Linear/Fragmented | Holistic/Systemic |
| Focus | Disposal/Treatment | Prevention/Resource Recovery |
| Example | Collecting municipal waste and dumping it in a landfill. | Segregating waste at source, composting organic waste, recycling plastics, and using non-recyclables for waste-to-energy. |
Outline the duties of waste generators and authorities as per Solid waste management rules, 2016.
Answer
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, the responsibilities are clearly delineated to ensure efficient waste handling:
- Duties of Waste Generators: All generators must segregate waste into three streams: biodegradable (wet), non-biodegradable (dry), and domestic hazardous waste. They must store these in separate bins and hand them over to authorized collectors. Bulk waste generators must additionally process or treat biodegradable waste on-site or partner with local bodies for collection.
- Duties of Local Authorities: Municipal authorities are responsible for setting up systems for door-to-door collection of segregated waste. They must establish infrastructure for storage, transportation, and processing (such as composting or biomethanation plants). They are also tasked with creating public awareness programs, enforcing the ban on littering, and ensuring the scientific closure of legacy landfills.
Illustrate in detail the procedure involved in sampling of different types of solid wastes.
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Discuss the role and responsibilities of Central Pollution Control Board and village Panchayats of census towns and urban agglomerations as per Solid waste management rules, 2016.
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With an appropriate example, explain the process of on-site handling of solid waste.
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Differentiate between the collection system using Stationary container system and Hauled container.
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Classify various processing techniques with an application.
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Explain any one engineering approach for solid waste collection system.
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Define the term: Thermal Volume reduction. Explain with a neat sketch, how you carry out thermal volume reduction.
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What are the various materials that can be recovered through energy systems? Explain.
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Illustrate the process involved in RDF methodology for the recovery of energy from conversion products.
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Discuss the composting process done on a large scale by any one method in detail with a neat sketch.
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Summarize the various parameters to be considered while designing and constructing the landfill and explain the importance of each.
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Differentiate between secured and sanitary landfills with respect to all the governing factors and design considerations.
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Write a detailed note on landfill reclamation.
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Outline the sources of generation, characteristics and the control measures to be followed towards E-waste.
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Classify various types of industrial waste along with their management policies.
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