Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech IV Year SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Previous Question Paper (March - 2021 - R16)
Answer any Five Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks.
Main
Explain the physical and chemical analysis of municipal solid waste characteristics.
Answer
The physical and chemical analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for determining appropriate treatment and disposal methods.
Physical Analysis: This involves determining the physical characteristics of waste, such as:
- Composition: Sorting waste into categories like food, paper, plastic, glass, and metals to calculate the percentage by weight.
- Moisture Content: Measured as the percentage loss in weight of a sample when dried at 105°C until a constant weight is achieved. It significantly affects incineration and composting efficiency.
- Particle Size: Important for mechanical sorting and processing equipment design.
- Density (Specific Weight): The weight per unit volume, critical for designing collection vehicles and landfill capacity.
Chemical Analysis: This determines the elemental and energy content of the waste:
- Proximate Analysis: Includes determining moisture, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon.
- Ultimate Analysis: Determines the chemical composition in terms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash, which is vital for calculating the stoichiometric air requirements for incineration.
- Energy Content: Measured using a bomb calorimeter to determine the calorific value, indicating the waste's suitability for energy recovery.
Composition of certain MSW sample specific weights are given in the table. Find out the specific gravity.
| Components | % by weight | Specific weight, kg/m3 |
|---|---|---|
| Food waste | 50 | 300 |
| Dirt and ash | 30 | 500 |
| Plastics | 10 | 65 |
| Wood and yard waste | 10 | 125 |
Answer
To find the specific weight (density) of the MSW mixture, we calculate the weighted average based on the composition percentage and the specific weight of each component.
| Component | % (wi) | Sp. Weight (ρi) (kg/m3) | wi / ρi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food waste | 0.50 | 300 | 0.001667 |
| Dirt and ash | 0.30 | 500 | 0.000600 |
| Plastics | 0.10 | 65 | 0.001538 |
| Wood/Yard | 0.10 | 125 | 0.000800 |
| Total | 1.00 | - | 0.004605 |
The specific weight of the mixture (ρmix) is calculated using the formula:
Substituting the values from the table:
The specific gravity (SG) is the ratio of the density of the mixture to the density of water (1000 kg/m3):
Discuss about various handling and separation methods of solid waste at source and mention the indicative list for segregation of SW.
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Explain about Bangalore method of composting and Indore method of composting.
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Explain the necessity of geomembrane polymer in land filling process.
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Describe about hauled container system and stationary container system of waste collection.
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Mention the various parameters to be taken in a disposal yard for hazardous waste.
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What are the landfill siting considerations to be followed as MSW guidelines? Discuss.
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Discuss about various land filling methods.
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Discuss about the types of solid waste based upon the source.
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Characterize the SW based on chemical analysis.
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What are the methods to be adopted for treatment and disposal method of E-waste? Discuss.
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Explain the necessity of waste minimization and source reduction.
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Explain the public education and involvement in municipal solid waste management.
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