JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech III MIDDLEWARE TECHNOLOGIES Previous Question Paper (July - 2021 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Illustrate different client-server models.
Answer
- Single-tier architecture: The entire application, including the user interface, business logic, and data storage, resides on a single machine. This is typical of legacy mainframe systems where the client is merely a terminal.
- Two-tier architecture: This model splits the application into two layers: the client (presentation layer) and the server (data layer). The client handles the user interface and some application logic, while the server manages the database. Communication occurs via SQL or specific protocols.
- Three-tier architecture: This introduces an intermediate Application Server layer between the client and the database. The client handles the UI, the application server processes business logic, and the database server manages data. This improves scalability and security.
- Multi-tier (N-tier) architecture: An extension of the three-tier model where the application is broken down into multiple independent layers (e.g., presentation, business, integration, and data layers). This is common in modern distributed systems and microservices, allowing for independent scaling and maintenance of components.
Discuss the pitfalls of client-server programming.
Answer
- Network Latency and Reliability: Communication between client and server relies on network stability. Unpredictable latency or packet loss can lead to timeouts and poor user experience.
- Scalability Bottlenecks: As the number of clients increases, the server may become a single point of failure or a performance bottleneck, requiring load balancing and clustering strategies.
- Security Vulnerabilities: Exposing server interfaces over a network increases the attack surface. Issues such as SQL injection, unauthorized access, and man-in-the-middle attacks are significant risks.
- State Management: Maintaining state across stateless protocols like HTTP is complex. Developers must implement session management, which can lead to synchronization issues in distributed environments.
- Heterogeneity: Clients and servers often run on different operating systems, hardware, or programming languages, necessitating complex middleware or serialization formats (e.g., JSON, XML) to ensure interoperability.
- Deployment and Maintenance: Updating the server-side code requires careful version management to ensure backward compatibility with existing clients.
Give the three-tier client/server architecture of CORBA/Java object Web.
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How are events handled in C#? Explain with a program.
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Does .NET platform support interoperability? Justify your answer.
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Discuss the process of reflection in .NET.
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Explain the key members of the System.IO Namespace.
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What is AutoLot database? Explain its creation in .NET.
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Write a program to demonstrate CORBA’s local/remote transparency features.
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How to set up POA based server environment? Discuss client invocations on this server.
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What JavaBeans can do for CORBA? How CORBA can augment JavaBeans component model?
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What is an object transaction monitor? Explain the functionality of CORBA object transaction monitor to fulfill the promise of scalable server side objects.
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