JNTU
JNTU B.Tech III INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Previous Question Paper (February/March - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Define an Embedded system. Discuss in detail about the different criteria based classifications of embedded systems.
Answer
An Embedded System is a specialized computing system designed to perform a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system. It integrates hardware and software to meet specific real-time performance, reliability, and power constraints.
Embedded systems are classified based on the following criteria:
- Based on Generation: Classified into First (microprocessor-based), Second (microcontroller-based), Third (ASIC/PLD-based), and Fourth (SoC/Multi-core based) generations.
- Based on Complexity and Performance: Divided into Small-scale (8/16-bit microcontrollers, simple tasks), Medium-scale (16/32-bit microcontrollers/DSPs, complex hardware/software), and Sophisticated (highly complex, multi-core processors, scalable OS).
- Based on Deterministic Behavior: Categorized as Reactive (responds to external events within a time limit) or Non-reactive.
- Based on Triggering: Classified as Event-triggered (responds to asynchronous events) or Time-triggered (executes tasks at predefined time intervals).
Write about the important operational quality attributes for embedded systems.
Answer
Operational quality attributes define how an embedded system performs its intended functions under specific conditions. The key attributes include:
- Response Time: The time taken by the system to respond to an external event. In real-time systems, this must be strictly deterministic.
- Throughput: The measure of the number of tasks or operations the system can complete within a specific time frame.
- Reliability: The measure of the percentage of time the system functions correctly without failure. It is critical for safety-critical applications.
- Maintainability: The ease with which the system can be updated, repaired, or modified to fix bugs or add features throughout its lifecycle.
- Security: The ability of the system to protect data and prevent unauthorized access or malicious interference.
- Safety: The assurance that the system will not cause harm to users or the environment, even in the event of a failure.
- Power Consumption: The efficiency of the system in terms of energy usage, which is vital for battery-operated or portable devices.
Discuss the generational changes and evolvements of embedded system.
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Write the classification history of embedded systems based on applications.
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Write about the different General Purpose and Domain Specific Processors used in Embedded applications.
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Discuss the application of a sensor and actuator in embedded system.
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Describe about the Communication interface requirement and discuss the On-board and external communication Interfaces used in embedded applications.
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Discuss the Embedded Firmware design approaches and development languages used for driving applications in real practice.
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Describe how the different Tasks, Processes and Threads are handled by an embedded operating system.
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Explain about the Multiprocessing and Multitasking.
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Explain Task communication issues and Task synchronization techniques.
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Write a note on the Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
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Mention about the Simulators, Emulators and Debuggings used in ES.
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