JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech III COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATING SYSTEMS Previous Question Paper (February - 2023 - R16)

A Multiprocessor is a computer system that contains two or more central processing units (CPUs) that share a common main memory and input/output devices, all controlled by a single operating system. It is designed for high-speed parallel processing and efficient resource sharing.

A Multi-computer system consists of multiple independent computers, each with its own local memory and operating system, connected via an interconnection network. These systems communicate by passing messages rather than sharing memory, making them suitable for distributed computing environments.

Computer instructions are categorized based on the nature of the operation they perform and the number of operands they address. The primary categories are:

1. Data Transfer Instructions: These move data between registers, memory locations, or I/O devices without changing the content (e.g., LOAD, STORE, MOVE).
2. Data Processing (Arithmetic and Logical) Instructions: These perform computational tasks on data, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or logical operations like AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.
3. Program Control (Branching) Instructions: These alter the sequence of instruction execution by changing the program counter, enabling loops, conditional jumps, and subroutine calls (e.g., JUMP, CALL, RETURN, BRANCH).