JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech I Year PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING Previous Question Paper (January - 2021 - R18)

Arithmetic operators in C are used to perform mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. These operators are binary operators, meaning they require two operands, except for the unary plus and minus operators.

The standard arithmetic operators are as follows:

• Addition (+): Adds two operands. Example: 10 + 5 results in 15.
• Subtraction (-): Subtracts the second operand from the first. Example: 10 - 5 results in 5.
• Multiplication (*): Multiplies two operands. Example: 10 * 5 results in 50.
• Division (/): Divides the numerator by the denominator. Note that integer division truncates the decimal part. Example: 10 / 3 results in 3.
• Modulus (%): Returns the remainder of an integer division. This operator cannot be used with floating-point numbers. Example: 10 % 3 results in 1.

Additionally, C supports unary operators:

• Increment (++): Increases the value of a variable by 1. It can be used as prefix (++a) or postfix (a++).
• Decrement (--): Decreases the value of a variable by 1. It can be used as prefix (--a) or postfix (a--).

Example code snippet:

int a = 10, b = 3;int sum = a + b; // 13int diff = a - b; // 7int prod = a * b; // 30int quot = a / b; // 3int rem = a % b; // 1a++; // a becomes 11

When using these operators, the operator precedence dictates that multiplication, division, and modulus are evaluated before addition and subtraction, unless parentheses are used to override the order of evaluation.

An array is a collection of a fixed number of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations. It allows multiple values to be stored under a single name, which are accessed using an index starting from 0.

A one-dimensional array is a linear list of elements. It is declared by specifying the data type, the name of the array, and the size in square brackets.

Declaration syntax:

Example program to store and print five integers:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
    printf("Array elements are: \n");
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("%d ", arr[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

In this example, arr is an integer array of size 5. The memory is allocated for 5 consecutive integers, and the for loop iterates through each index from 0 to 4 to access and display the values.