JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS Previous Question Paper (October - 2020 - R18)

The Superposition Theorem states that in any linear, bilateral network containing two or more independent sources, the response (voltage or current) in any branch is the algebraic sum of the responses obtained by considering each independent source acting alone while all other independent sources are replaced by their internal resistances.

To apply this theorem:

1. Retain one independent source and replace all other independent voltage sources with short circuits (zero internal resistance) and all other independent current sources with open circuits (infinite internal resistance).
2. Calculate the current or voltage contribution from the active source.
3. Repeat the process for each independent source individually.
4. The total response is the algebraic sum of all individual responses, taking into account their respective directions or polarities.

To solve for V and I using Nodal Analysis, follow these steps:

1. Identify all nodes in the circuit and assign a reference node (ground) with potential 0V.
2. Assign unknown voltages (V1, V2, etc.) to the remaining non-reference nodes.
3. Apply Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) at each non-reference node by summing the currents leaving the node to zero.
4. Express currents in terms of nodal voltages using Ohm's Law (I = ΔV/R).
5. Solve the resulting system of linear equations to find the nodal voltages.
6. Once the nodal voltages are determined, calculate the specific voltage V and current I by applying Ohm's Law or Kirchhoff's Voltage Law to the relevant branches of the circuit.

The final values for V and I are obtained by substituting the calculated nodal voltages into the branch equations defined by the circuit topology.