JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech III NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES Previous Question Paper (August - 2022 - R16)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
What are the prospects of non-conventional energy sources in India? Explain.
Answer
India possesses a vast potential for non-conventional energy sources, driven by its geographical location, favorable climatic conditions, and the urgent need to transition toward sustainable energy to meet its rapidly growing power demand. The prospects are categorized by the following key sectors:
- Solar Energy: With over 300 sunny days annually and high solar insolation, India has immense potential. The government's focus on large-scale solar parks and rooftop solar initiatives has positioned India as a global leader in solar capacity expansion.
- Wind Energy: India has a significant wind power potential, particularly along its long coastline and in states like Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. Advancements in offshore wind technology offer further opportunities to harness consistent wind speeds.
- Biomass and Bioenergy: As an agrarian economy, India generates massive amounts of agricultural residue. Converting this waste into energy through biomass power plants and biogas production provides a decentralized energy solution while managing waste effectively.
- Small Hydro Power: India's diverse topography, especially in the Himalayan and Western Ghat regions, offers substantial potential for small-scale hydroelectric projects, which have a lower environmental impact compared to large dams.
- Green Hydrogen: India is emerging as a global hub for green hydrogen production, leveraging its low-cost renewable energy to produce hydrogen via electrolysis, which is critical for decarbonizing heavy industries.
The overall prospects are bolstered by favorable policy frameworks, such as the National Green Hydrogen Mission and production-linked incentive schemes, which aim to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, enhance energy security, and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070. Despite challenges such as grid integration, storage costs, and land acquisition, the shift toward non-conventional energy is essential for India's long-term economic growth and environmental sustainability.
What are sustainable developments and what are the ways of achieving sustainable development?
Answer
Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes a balance between economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity.
Ways to achieve sustainable development include:
- Transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
- Implementing energy efficiency measures in industries, buildings, and transportation to minimize waste.
- Promoting circular economy principles, focusing on the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
- Adopting sustainable agricultural practices to maintain soil health and water resources.
- Strengthening policy frameworks and international cooperation to enforce environmental regulations and carbon emission targets.
- Investing in green technologies and sustainable infrastructure to support long-term ecological balance.
Discuss the criteria for assessing the potential of NCES.
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Explain Beam solar radiation and diffuse solar radiation.
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Differentiate the flat plate and concentrating collectors of solar energy.
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Describe thermal energy storage systems and their applications.
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Explain the advantages and disadvantages of any two types of vertical axis wind turbines.
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Discuss the basis of wind energy conversion.
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What is Betz limit? Derive an expression for it.
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Explain the working principle of induction generator.
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Which factors should be considered while selecting a site for biogas plant?
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Give different nature of geothermal resources.
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Elaborate the differences between tidal and wave power generation.
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Discuss the economics of OTEC.
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