JNTU B.Tech IV LINUX PROGRAMMING Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2022 - R16)

File handling utilities are essential commands used to manage, manipulate, and organize files and directories in the Linux environment. Key utilities include:

• cat: Used to display, create, or concatenate file contents.
• cp: Used to copy files or directories from a source to a destination.
• mv: Used to move or rename files and directories.
• rm: Used to remove or delete files and directories.
• ls: Used to list the contents of a directory.
• touch: Used to update file timestamps or create empty files.
• head/tail: Used to view the beginning or end portions of a file.

Process utilities are tools used to monitor, manage, and control the execution of processes within the operating system. These utilities allow users to view system resource usage and terminate unresponsive tasks. Common process utilities include:

• ps: Displays a snapshot of current processes with their PIDs and status.
• top: Provides a dynamic, real-time view of running system processes and resource consumption.
• kill: Sends a signal (typically SIGTERM or SIGKILL) to a process to terminate it based on its PID.
• nice/renice: Used to adjust the scheduling priority of a process.
• jobs: Lists active jobs running in the current shell session.