JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV Year RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Previous Question Paper (July - 2021 - R16)
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Explain the significance of energy consumption as a measure of prosperity.
Answer
Energy consumption is widely regarded as a primary indicator of a nation's socio-economic development and prosperity. There is a strong positive correlation between per capita energy consumption and the Human Development Index (HDI), as energy is the fundamental driver of industrial, agricultural, and technological progress.
The significance lies in several key areas:
- Industrial Growth: High energy availability enables large-scale manufacturing, which boosts GDP and provides employment opportunities.
- Standard of Living: Access to electricity and modern fuels improves domestic life, healthcare, education, and communication infrastructure.
- Agricultural Productivity: Energy is essential for mechanization, irrigation, and the processing of agricultural products, ensuring food security.
- Technological Advancement: Modern digital economies and research facilities require consistent, high-quality energy supplies to innovate and maintain competitiveness.
While energy consumption signifies prosperity, it is increasingly coupled with the need for energy efficiency and sustainability to ensure that economic growth does not come at the cost of environmental degradation.
List the difference between renewable and non renewable energy resources.
Answer
| Feature | Renewable Energy | Non-Renewable Energy |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Naturally replenished on a human timescale (e.g., Sun, Wind). | Finite resources formed over millions of years (e.g., Coal, Oil). |
| Availability | Inexhaustible. | Exhaustible; will deplete with continued use. |
| Environmental Impact | Low carbon footprint; generally eco-friendly. | High carbon emissions; major cause of pollution and climate change. |
| Cost | High initial capital cost; low operating cost. | Low initial cost; high and volatile operating/fuel costs. |
| Sustainability | Highly sustainable for long-term use. | Not sustainable; requires transition to alternatives. |
Explain in brief the world energy scenario along with the alternate energy strategies.
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Explain the global potential of renewable energy sources.
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Explain the component parts of a solar PV system along with their functions.
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With a neat sketch explain the principle of conversion of solar energy into heat.
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List out the advantages and disadvantages of concentrating collectors over a flat- plate collector.
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Explain the importance of orientation in concentrating type collectors and list the different types of sun trackers.
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Give an overview of control techniques for wind turbine systems along with their significance.
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Explain about primary, secondary and tertiary winds and how to make use of them for power generation.
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Distinguish between onshore and offshore wind energy systems.
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Discuss the concept of wheeling and energy banking.
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Explain the method for converting biomass into ethanol with a neat sketch.
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Explain the process of extracting energy for municipal solid waste.
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What is geothermal energy and explain the types geo thermal power plants?
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List out the types of turbines for small hydro power plants and explain them.
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