JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II Year SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING Previous Question Paper (February - 2024 - R22)
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B. Part-A is a compulsory question. Part-B consists of ten questions (numbered from 2 to 11) carrying 10 marks each. From each unit, there are two questions and the student should answer one of them. Hence, the student should answer five questions from Part-B.
Part A
What are the factors influencing the selection of a sensor for a specific application.
Answer
Key factors include measurement range, accuracy, sensitivity, response time, environmental conditions (temperature, pressure, vibration), power requirements, cost, and output signal compatibility with the processing system.
How does quantization affect the quality of analog-to-digital conversion?
Answer
Quantization introduces quantization error (noise) due to the rounding of continuous analog values to the nearest discrete digital level, which limits the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the conversion.
What are the main challenges in installing and using strain gauges in real-world?
Answer
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Define resistive hygrometers and what parameter it senses.
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Outline the practical thermocouple laws, highlighting the relationship between temperature and voltage output.
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List the characteristics of materials commonly used in piezoelectric sensors.
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Compare absolute and incremental position encoders in terms of accuracy.
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What are the limitations of quartz digital thermometers?
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What is common-mode rejection ratio in instrumentation amplifiers?
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What are the key challenges associated with the use of piezoelectric sensors in high-temperature environments?
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Part B
Classify sensors based on the physical quantity they measure. Provide examples for each type.
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What are the common methods for error correction in digital measurement systems?
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Explain the concept of hysteresis in measurement. How does it affect the performance of a measuring instrument?
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Describe the working principle of a piezoelectric sensor with neat sketches.
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How can a potentiometer be employed to measure linear displacement? Provide an example.
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Explain the working principle of a variable capacitor in capacitive sensing applications.
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Explain how mutual capacitance and self-capacitance are utilized in capacitive touchscreens.
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Describe the working principle of a Linear Variable Differential Transformer.
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Explain the concept of cold junction compensation in thermocouple circuits. Why is it necessary.
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Discuss the relationship between radiation laws (Planck, Wien, Stefan-Boltzmann) and the operation of pyroelectric sensors.
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Explain the Hall effect and how it is employed in Hall effect sensors.
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Discuss how the piezoelectric effect is utilized in accelerometers for vibration measurements.
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Explain how quadrature encoding is implemented in incremental position encoders.
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How can the resolution of an incremental position encoder be increased?
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Explain how temperature changes are converted into frequency variations in quartz digital thermometers.
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How are SAW sensors utilized in gas and chemical sensing applications?
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Explain how the output voltage is calculated in a resistive voltage divider.
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Discuss the advantages and limitations of using a voltage divider in signal conditioning.
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Explain how the Wheatstone bridge is used for strain gauge measurements.
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Describe synchros and explain their applications in measurement systems.
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