Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech IV INDUSTRIAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS Previous Question Paper (July - 2021 - R16)
Answer any Five Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks.
Main
Discuss about the layered structure of OSI model and explain each layer with their functional applications in brief.
Answer
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers to ensure interoperability between diverse communication systems.
- Physical Layer: Transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium. It defines electrical, mechanical, and procedural specifications such as voltage levels, cable types, and pin layouts.
- Data Link Layer: Provides node-to-node data transfer and error detection/correction for the physical layer. It organizes bits into frames and manages physical addressing (MAC addresses) and flow control.
- Network Layer: Manages logical addressing and routing of packets across multiple networks. It determines the best path for data transmission using protocols like IP and handles congestion control.
- Transport Layer: Ensures end-to-end communication and data integrity. It segments data from the session layer, handles error recovery, and manages flow control using protocols like TCP and UDP.
- Session Layer: Establishes, manages, and terminates connections (sessions) between applications. It provides mechanisms for checkpointing and recovery of data streams.
- Presentation Layer: Acts as a translator for the network. It handles data formatting, encryption, decryption, and compression to ensure that the application layer receives data in a readable format.
- Application Layer: The interface between software applications and the network. It provides services for end-user processes such as file transfers (FTP), email (SMTP), and web browsing (HTTP).
This layered architecture allows for modular design, where changes in one layer do not necessitate changes in others, simplifying troubleshooting and development in industrial data communication systems.
Write the functional difference between EIA 232 and EIA 485 interface standards.
Answer
The EIA-232 standard is designed for point-to-point communication between a single transmitter and a single receiver, typically used for short-distance serial data exchange. It uses single-ended signaling, where the signal voltage is referenced to a common ground, making it susceptible to noise and limiting its cable length to approximately 15 meters. In contrast, EIA-485 is a differential signaling standard designed for multi-point communication, allowing up to 32 devices to be connected on a single bus. Because it uses the voltage difference between two wires, it provides high noise immunity and supports much longer cable distances, reaching up to 1200 meters. While EIA-232 is strictly limited to two devices, EIA-485 supports half-duplex, multi-drop configurations, making it the standard for industrial networking environments.
Explain the basic structure of MODBUS protocol with its functional use.
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Write a short note on the HART Protocol and its applications for data communications.
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Compare the physical layer and data link layer operating characteristics of AS interface.
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Explain the layered architecture and characteristics of Device net with their applications in brief.
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Discuss the Profibus protocol stack with their functional description and explain the Profibus Communication model.
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Write the features and requirements of the Foundation Field bus.
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Discuss the specifications of Industrial Ethernet.
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Mention the different Ethernet standards and their use in practical applications.
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Briefly introduce the basic concepts of wireless communications.
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Describe the different components of radio link with their functional elements.
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Write a note on different industrial networks and their functional configurations.
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