JNTU
JNTU B.Tech IV POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION Previous Question Paper (September - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Main
Explain the differences between conventional sources and Non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer
Conventional energy sources are finite, non-renewable resources that have been used for decades, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear power. They are typically characterized by high energy density, established infrastructure, and significant environmental impact, particularly regarding greenhouse gas emissions.
Non-conventional or renewable energy sources are derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly, such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and tidal energy. These sources are considered inexhaustible, generally have a lower carbon footprint, and are decentralized, though they often face challenges related to intermittency, higher initial capital costs, and lower energy density compared to fossil fuels.
List and explain the different ISA control diagramming symbols.
Answer
ISA (International Society of Automation) standards define symbols to represent instrumentation and control systems in Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs). Key symbols include:
- Circles: Represent instruments or functions. A circle alone indicates a field-mounted device; a circle with a horizontal line indicates a panel-mounted device; a circle with two horizontal lines indicates a device located behind the main control panel.
- Lines: Represent signal types. A solid line indicates a pneumatic signal; a dashed line indicates an electric signal; a line with circles represents a capillary tube; and a line with L symbols represents a data link or software signal.
- Diamonds: Represent shared display or shared control functions, typically used for distributed control systems (DCS) or PLC-based systems.
- Squares with Circles: Represent computer functions or complex logic controllers.
- Valve Symbols: Represent the final control element, with specific shapes indicating the type (e.g., globe, butterfly, ball) and fail-safe positions (e.g., FO for fail-open, FC for fail-closed).
- Function Blocks: Rectangular boxes used to represent specific control algorithms or logic operations within a control loop.
With neat diagram explain the operation of thermal power plant and mention the important parameters to be monitored in each block.
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Explain how power is generated in thermal power plant.
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Explain any two sensors each for the measurement of steam pressure and steam temperature.
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Explain in detail about the Drum level measurement with neat sketch.
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Describe one technique each for measurement of any 2 impurities in feed water.
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Explain forced circulation used in the boiler feed water circulation.
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Explain in detail with neat sketches air fuel ratio control system used in power plants?
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Propane (C3H8) is burned with 61% excess air, which enters a combustion chamber at 25oC. Assuming complete combustion and a total pressure of 1 atm (101.32 kPa), determine:
i) The air-fuel ratio [kg-air/kg-fuel]
ii) The percentage of carbon dioxide by volume in the products
iii) The dew point temperature of the products.
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Explain briefly about Smoke measurement with a neat diagram.
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With help of a neat diagram explain any one type of flue gas oxygen analyzers.
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Discuss about the lubricating oil temperature control.
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Explain the various parts of the steam turbine with a schematic diagram.
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With relevant block diagram of a nuclear power plant, explain the main components of nuclear reactor.
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Briefly explain the role of reactor control during startup and shutdown of nuclear power plant.
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