JNTU
JNTU B.Tech IV COMPUTER GRAPHICS Previous Question Paper (October/November - 2020 - R15)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Define aspect ratio and resolution. How are they useful in Computer Graphics?
Answer
Aspect Ratio is the ratio of the width of an image to its height, typically expressed as two numbers separated by a colon (e.g., 16:9 or 4:3). It defines the proportional relationship between the horizontal and vertical dimensions of a display or image.
Resolution refers to the total number of pixels in an image or on a display screen, usually defined by the number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions (e.g., 1920x1080). It determines the level of detail and sharpness of the visual output.
In Computer Graphics, these parameters are essential for:
- Maintaining geometric accuracy: Ensuring shapes like circles do not appear as ovals when rendered on different display devices.
- Scaling and Resizing: Allowing algorithms to adjust images correctly without distortion by maintaining the aspect ratio.
- Image Quality: Higher resolution provides finer detail and smoother curves, while lower resolution may lead to aliasing or pixelation.
- Compatibility: Ensuring content is formatted correctly for specific hardware, such as monitors, projectors, or mobile screens.
Illustrate various input and output devices in detail.
Answer
Input and output devices are the interface between the user and the computer system, facilitating the creation and visualization of graphical data.
Input Devices are used to provide data and control signals to the computer:
- Keyboard: Used for text entry and shortcut commands.
- Mouse/Trackball: Essential for pointing, clicking, and dragging objects in a GUI.
- Graphics Tablet: Allows artists to draw directly onto a surface using a stylus, providing pressure sensitivity.
- Joystick/Game Controller: Used primarily for navigation in 3D environments and gaming applications.
- Scanner: Converts physical images or documents into digital pixel data.
Output Devices are used to display or render the processed graphical information:
- CRT Monitors: Use electron beams to excite phosphors on a screen to create images.
- LCD/LED Displays: Use liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes to control light transmission, offering thinner and more energy-efficient displays.
- Projectors: Used for displaying large-scale images on surfaces, common in presentations.
- Printers/Plotters: Hard-copy output devices; plotters are specifically used for high-precision technical drawings and CAD designs.
Write down and explain the midpoint circle drawing algorithm. Assuming 10 cm as the radius and origin as the centre of the circle explain the algorithm.
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Show that a reflection about the line y = -x is equivalent to a reflection relative to y-axis followed by a counter clockwise rotation of 90 degrees.
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Explain in detail the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm with an example.
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Suppose we have a B spline curve of degree 3 with a knot vector as follows U0 to u3 = 0; u4 = 0.2; u5 = 0.4; u6 = 0.6; u7 = 0.8; u8 to u11 = 1. Insert a new knot t=0.5, find new control points and new knot vector.
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Perform a perspective Projection of the unit cube onto the x = 0 plane from the center of Projection on x-axis at xc = 10.
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Explain the depth buffer method of detecting the visible surfaces?
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Explain the steps involved in the design of animation sequence.
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