JNTU B.Tech I Year COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Previous Question Paper (September/October - 2021 - R13)

Computer languages are categorized based on their proximity to machine hardware and their abstraction level:

1. Machine Language: The lowest-level language consisting entirely of binary digits (0s and 1s). It is directly executable by the CPU but is machine-dependent and extremely difficult for humans to write or debug.
2. Assembly Language: A low-level language that uses mnemonic codes (like MOV, ADD, SUB) to represent machine instructions. It requires an assembler to translate code into machine language and provides direct control over hardware resources.
3. High-Level Languages: Languages designed for human readability, using English-like syntax. They are machine-independent and require a compiler or interpreter to translate code into machine-executable form. Examples include C, C++, Java, and Python.
4. Fourth-Generation Languages (4GL): Designed to reduce programming effort by focusing on 'what' to do rather than 'how' to do it. These are often used in database management and report generation, such as SQL.

The following C program determines if a given integer is a prime number by checking for divisors from 2 up to the square root of the number:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
    int n, i, isPrime = 1;
    printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);

    if (n <= 1) isPrime = 0;
    else {
        for (i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++) {
            if (n % i == 0) {
                isPrime = 0;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (isPrime) printf("%d is a prime number.\n", n);
    else printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", n);
    return 0;
}