JNTU B.Tech II BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Previous Question Paper (March - 2022 - R18)

Mesh analysis involves applying Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to each independent loop in the circuit. For a circuit with two meshes, define loop currents I1 and I2 in the clockwise direction. The KVL equation for Mesh 1 is expressed as the sum of voltage drops across all components in the loop equal to the source voltage: V = I1(R1 + R2) - I2(R2). Similarly, for Mesh 2, the equation is 0 = -I1(R2) + I2(R2 + R3). By solving this system of linear equations using Cramer's rule or substitution, the value of I1 is determined. The final result is obtained by isolating I1 from the simultaneous equations based on the specific resistance and voltage values provided in the circuit diagram.

Electrical sources are categorized based on their behavior and dependency:

• Independent Voltage Source: Maintains a constant terminal voltage regardless of the current drawn from it.
• Independent Current Source: Delivers a constant current to the circuit regardless of the voltage across its terminals.
• Dependent (Controlled) Voltage Source: The output voltage is determined by a voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit, represented by a diamond-shaped symbol.
• Dependent (Controlled) Current Source: The output current is controlled by a voltage or current at another part of the network.

These sources are the fundamental building blocks for modeling active components in electrical networks.