JNTUH
JNTUH B.Tech IV ELECTRONIC SENSORS Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Give the classification of transducers. Explain the basic requirements of a transducer.
Answer
Transducers are classified based on several criteria:
- Based on transduction principle: Resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, photoelectric, and electrochemical transducers.
- Based on output signal: Analog (continuous output) and digital (discrete output) transducers.
- Based on power source: Active (self-generating, e.g., thermocouples) and passive (require external power, e.g., LVDT) transducers.
- Based on application: Temperature, pressure, displacement, and flow transducers.
The basic requirements for a high-quality transducer include:
- Linearity: The output must be directly proportional to the input over the entire operating range.
- Sensitivity: The ability to produce a measurable output change for a small input change.
- Stability and Reliability: Performance should remain consistent over time under specified environmental conditions.
- Dynamic Response: The transducer must track rapid changes in the input signal without significant lag or distortion.
- Ruggedness: Ability to withstand mechanical shocks, vibrations, and environmental stress.
- Repeatability: The ability to produce the same output for repeated applications of the same input.
Distinguish between precision and accuracy.
Answer
Accuracy and precision are distinct measures of measurement quality:
| Feature | Accuracy | Precision |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The closeness of a measured value to the true or accepted value. | The closeness of multiple measurements to each other, regardless of the true value. |
| Nature | Reflects the systematic error in a system. | Reflects the repeatability or random error in a system. |
| Dependency | Depends on calibration and the quality of the instrument. | Depends on the resolution and stability of the instrument. |
| Analogy | Hitting the bullseye on a target. | Grouping all shots closely together in one spot on the target. |
A measurement system can be precise without being accurate if it consistently provides the same incorrect result due to a systematic bias. Conversely, an accurate measurement system must be precise, as it must consistently yield values near the true target.
Explain about stress sensors using quartz resonators.
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Define the sensitivity and linearity of sensor and also write the equations for both.
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What is a Thermometer? Name different types of Thermometers and explain the working principle of all types of Thermometer in detail.
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Discuss about the Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index of thermo sensors.
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Write a short note on Heat Flux Sensors.
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Discuss about working principle of Semiconductor Magneto resistors.
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Explain the principle of operation of Eddy Current Sensors. Also, state its advantages and disadvantage.
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Write the applications of magnetic sensors in various field.
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Explain about Angular/Rotary Movement Transducers with its applications.
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Discuss the basic characteristics of radiation sensors.
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Explain about the radiation sensor? How does a radiation sensor works?
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Explain the working principle of Aerospace Sensors and also write the applications of few sensors.
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Name the different primary sensors and explain about any two primary sensors.
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