JNTU B.Tech I PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2021 - R18)

Type conversion (also known as implicit conversion) is performed automatically by the compiler when data types are compatible. For example, when assigning a smaller integer type to a larger floating-point type, the compiler promotes the value without loss of data. It follows the standard hierarchy of data types to prevent data loss.

Typecasting (also known as explicit conversion) is a user-defined process where the programmer forces a value to be converted into a specific type using the cast operator (type). This is necessary when converting from a larger type to a smaller type, which may result in data loss or truncation, or when performing floating-point division using integer variables.

The following C program counts the number of vowels in a string provided by the user:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str[100];
    int count = 0, i;
    printf("Enter a string: ");
    fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);
    for(i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
        char ch = str[i];
        if(ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' ||
           ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I' || ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') {
            count++;
        }
    }
    printf("Number of vowels: %d\n", count);
    return 0;
}