JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech IV Year AUTOMATION IN MANUFACTURING Previous Question Paper (July/August - 2022 - R18)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
What is automation? Discuss various types of automation.
Answer
Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is accomplished without human assistance. It involves the use of control systems, such as computers or robots, and information technologies to handle different processes and machinery in an industry to replace a human being. It aims to increase productivity, efficiency, quality, and safety.
Automation is broadly classified into three types:
- Fixed Automation: This is used when the volume of production is very high and the product design is stable. The sequence of processing operations is fixed by the equipment configuration. Examples include transfer lines in automotive engine production.
- Programmable Automation: This is used for batch production where the product design changes periodically. The production equipment is designed with the capability to change the sequence of operations to accommodate different product configurations. This is achieved through a control program. Examples include numerically controlled (NC) machine tools and industrial robots.
- Flexible Automation: This is an extension of programmable automation. It is designed to produce a variety of products with virtually no time lost for changeovers from one product to the next. The system can handle different product styles simultaneously. Examples include Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).
Enumerate different components in the hydraulic system.
Answer
A hydraulic system is a power transmission system that uses pressurized fluid to perform mechanical work. The primary components are:
- Hydraulic Power Unit (Pump): The heart of the system, which converts mechanical energy from a prime mover (electric motor or engine) into hydraulic energy by forcing fluid through the system.
- Hydraulic Fluid: The medium used to transmit power, lubricate moving parts, and dissipate heat. Common fluids are mineral-based oils.
- Actuators: These components convert hydraulic energy back into mechanical energy. They are categorized as linear actuators (hydraulic cylinders) for reciprocating motion and rotary actuators (hydraulic motors) for continuous rotation.
- Control Valves: These regulate the flow, pressure, and direction of the hydraulic fluid. They include pressure control valves (to limit system pressure), directional control valves (to control the path of fluid), and flow control valves (to regulate the speed of actuators).
- Reservoir (Tank): A container that holds the hydraulic fluid, allows air to escape, helps in heat dissipation, and allows contaminants to settle.
- Filters and Strainers: Essential for maintaining fluid cleanliness by removing solid contaminants that could damage precision components like valves and pumps.
- Piping and Fittings: The network of hoses, pipes, and connectors that transport the fluid between components.
List the merits and demerits of automation in production systems.
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Explain ten strategies for automation and process improvement.
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In a 10-station transfer line, the probability that a station breakdown will occur for a given work part equals 0.01. This probability is the same for all 10 stations. Determine the frequency of line stops per cycle on this flow line using the upper bound approach and calculate the production rate.
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What are the ways of improving line balance?
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Explain the analysis of transfer lines with no internal parts storage.
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Explain any four reasons, why storage buffers are used on automated production lines.
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A manual assembly line is to be designed to make a small consumer product. Given the work elements, times, and precedence constraints:
| Element | Time (min) | Preceded by | Element | Time (min) | Preceded by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 7 | 0.3 | 4 |
| 3 | 0.5 | 1 | 8 | 0.9 | 4,9 |
| 4 | 0.8 | 2 | 9 | 0.3 | 5,6 |
| 5 | 1.0 | 2,3 | 10 | 0.5 | 7,8 |
- Determine the ideal number of workstations on the line.
- Use the ranked positional weights method to balance the line.
- Compute the balance delay for your solution in part (b).
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Discuss the different types of assembly systems.
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Explain the other ways to improve line balancing in flexible assembly lines.
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Describe the following automated guided vehicle system with the help of a simple sketch: (i) Driverless automated guided train (ii) Unit load carrier.
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With neat diagrams explain the functioning of various types of Transfer Mechanisms.
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Explain how various parameters such as cutting force, and temperatures are controlled using the adaptive control concept.
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Explain Business Process Reengineering.
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