Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad B.Tech II MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCE COMPUTATIONS Previous Question Paper (February - 2024 - R22)
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B. Part- A for 10 marks, Part-B for 50 marks. Part-A is a compulsory question. Part-B consists of ten questions (numbered from 2 to 11) carrying 10 marks each. From each unit, there are two questions and the student should answer one of them.
Part A
What is a dimensionless group? Give an example.
Answer
A dimensionless group is a combination of physical variables that has no net units, meaning all dimensions cancel out. An example is the Reynolds number (Re = ρvD/μ).
What is Cox chart?
Answer
A Cox chart is a specialized semi-logarithmic plot used to represent the vapor pressure of liquids as a function of temperature, where the temperature scale is non-linear such that vapor pressure curves appear as straight lines.
What is “degree of freedom” in solving simultaneous equations?
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Outline the differences between overall material balance and component material balance equations.
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Define excess reactant in chemical reaction.
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What is meant by “wet basis” in combustion calculations?
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What is bypass stream? Mention the uses.
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What is actual flame temperature?
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What is dew point? Why it is important?
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Define standard heat of reaction.
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Part B
A gas production plant produces natural gas having the composition: methane (CH4) = 87.4%, ethane (C2H6) = 9.3% and nitrogen (N2) = 3.3%. Calculate the composition in mole percent, composition in weight percent and average molecular weight of gas mixture.
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State Raoult‘s law. Mention the applications.
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In one process, the off-gas analyzes 14.0% CO2, 6.0% O2, and 80.0% N2. It is at 300oF and 765 mm Hg pressure. Calculate the partial pressure of each component.
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What is ideal gas? Calculate the volume, in cubic meters, occupied by 40 kg of CO2 gas at standard conditions, assuming CO2 acts as an ideal gas. Atomic mass of C = 12 and O = 16.
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State Clausius – Clapeyron equation. Mention the applications.
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An evaporator is fed with 15000 kg/hr of a solution containing 10% NaCl, 15% NaOH and rest water. In this operation, water is evaporated and NaCl is precipitated as crystals. The thick liquor leaving the evaporator contains 45% NaOH, 2% NaCl and remaining water. Write the overall material balance and component material balances of NaOH, water and NaCl. Using material balances, calculate kg/h water evaporated, kg/h salt precipitated and kg/h thick liquor.
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The waste acid from a nitrating process containing 22% HNO3, 60% H2SO4 and 18% H2O by weight is to be concentrated by addition of concentrated sulphuric acid containing 93% H2SO4 and concentrated nitric acid containing 92% HNO3 to get desired mixed acid containing 26% HNO3 and 60% H2SO4. Using material balance equations, calculate the quantities of waste acid and concentrated acids required for preparing 10,000 kg of desired mixed acid.
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The carbon monoxide (CO) is reacted with hydrogen to produce methanol. From the reaction
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Define stoichiometry coefficient and extent of reaction in chemical processes.
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A producer gas made from coke has the following composition by volume: CO = 23%, CO2 = 2.7%, O2 = 1 % and N2 = 73.3%. This gas is burned with such a quantity of air that the oxygen from the air is 20% in excess of the net oxygen required for complete combustion. If the combustion is 98% complete, calculate the weight and composition in volumetric per cent of the gaseous products formed per 45.36 kg of gas burned.
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Define gross calorific value (GCV) of fuel. Write the relationship between GCV and net calorific value (NCV) of fuel.
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What is purge stream? Explain the calculation of purge ratio for a process stream.
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Derive Kirchhoff's equation for the effect of temperature on the heat of reaction.
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Chlorine is manufactured by burning hydrogen chloride gas using air. The reaction taking place in the burner is
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Discuss the effects of temperature and pressure on heat capacity of gases.
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A heat capacity equation in cal/(g mol)(K) for ammonia gas is
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Discuss the formulation of energy balances for a process with chemical reactions.
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Define open system, closed system and heat of combustion.
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