JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech II Year PETROLEUM GEOLOGY Previous Question Paper (April - 2018 - R16)
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B. Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit.
Part A
(25 Marks) Answer all questions.
Define source rock? Give any example.
Answer
A source rock is a sedimentary rock that contains sufficient organic matter (kerogen) to generate hydrocarbons (oil or gas) when subjected to appropriate burial, temperature, and pressure conditions over geological time. It is typically a fine-grained, organic-rich rock such as black shale or limestone. An example of a source rock is the Kimmeridge Clay.
What is kerogen? Write its types.
Answer
Kerogen is the solid, insoluble organic matter found in sedimentary rocks that represents the precursor to petroleum. It is formed from the remains of algae, bacteria, and plant material that have undergone burial, compaction, and early stages of thermal maturation (diagenesis and catagenesis).
Kerogen is classified into four main types based on its hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios, which reflect its source material and potential to generate hydrocarbons:
- Type I (Algal): Derived primarily from algae in lacustrine environments; it has a high hydrogen content and is highly oil-prone.
- Type II (Liptinic): Derived from marine plankton and microorganisms; it has moderate hydrogen content and is the primary source of oil and gas.
- Type III (Humic): Derived from terrestrial higher plants; it has low hydrogen content and is primarily gas-prone.
- Type IV (Inert): Derived from highly oxidized or reworked organic matter; it has very low hydrogen content and possesses no significant hydrocarbon generation potential.
Define effective porosity.
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What is the role of fracture and joints in reservoir rocks?
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Write a mathematical formulae of capillary pressure.
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What are the conditions of hydrocarbon migration?
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Define hydrocarbon traps.
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Explain Horst and Graben with neat sketch.
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Define convergent and divergent boundaries.
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Write five important tectonic blocks in cambay basin.
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Part B
(50 Marks)
Explain nature and types of source rocks? Write characteristics of shale.
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Describe subsurface pressure and temperature conditions for generation of oil and gas from source sediments.
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Explain the processes of generation of hydrocarbons in source rocks.
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Enumerate the evolution of petroleum source rock potential.
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Define reservoir rock? Explain fragmental reservoir rocks.
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What are carbonate reservoir rocks? Describe chemically precipitated reservoir rocks.
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Explain recrystallization-dolomization phenomena in secondary porosity.
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Define permeability? Describe relation between porosity and permeability.
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Write the concept of hydrocarbon migration from source beds to reservoir rock.
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What are the types of migration? Classify them with neat sketches.
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Write a short note on evidence of hydrocarbon migration.
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Explain briefly about long and short distance migration.
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What is the importance of hydrocarbon traps and classify it?
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Define fault. Explain briefly about structures caused by faulting.
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Define structural traps. Explain the structural traps caused by folding.
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Define and explain traps associated with salt domes.
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Define sedimentary basin. Explain origin and classification of sedimentary basins.
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Describe stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation of Mumbai-offshore.
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Explain tectonic classification, stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation of KG-Basin.
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How many basins are located in peninsular India? Categorize the basins related to hydrocarbon prospects.
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