JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD B.Tech III Year PETROLEUM REFINERY ENGINEERING Previous Question Paper (November/December - 2020 - R16)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Answer
The evaluation of crude oil involves a systematic series of physical and chemical tests to determine its suitability for refining and to predict the yields of various petroleum products. The process typically begins with assaying, which includes:
- Physical properties: Measurement of API gravity, viscosity, pour point, flash point, and color.
- Distillation characteristics: Determination of boiling point ranges using ASTM D86 or TBP (True Boiling Point) distillation to identify the distribution of fractions like naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil.
- Chemical composition: Analysis of sulfur content, salt content, metallic impurities (nickel, vanadium), and carbon residue (Conradson or Ramsbottom).
These evaluations allow refiners to categorize the crude as paraffinic, naphthenic, or aromatic, ensuring optimal selection of processing units and catalyst protection.
Answer
The UOP Characterization Factor (K_w) is a widely used index for classifying crude oils and petroleum fractions based on their chemical nature. It is defined by the relationship between the average boiling point and the specific gravity of the fraction:
Where T_B is the cubic average boiling point in degrees Rankine and SG is the specific gravity at 60°F/60°F. The value of K_w typically ranges from 10 to 13:
- K_w ≈ 10: Highly aromatic crude.
- K_w ≈ 11: Naphthenic crude.
- K_w ≈ 12-13: Paraffinic crude.
It serves as a critical parameter for predicting the performance of cracking units and the quality of lubricating oils.
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Describe the ASTM distillation process with neat sketch. Justify, why the process is required?
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What are the auxiliary facilities required in petroleum refinery? Discuss in detail.
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Discuss the process description of flexicoking operation with neat flow diagram.
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With neat flow diagram, discuss the process parameter and technology of Houdry fixed bed catalytic cracking process.
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Explain the process technology of hydrodesulphurization process with neat flow diagram.
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With neat flow diagram, elaborate the process description of Aluminium Chloride isomerization process.
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Discuss the process description of polymerization of gasoline with neat flow diagram.
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