JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD MCA 2022 PYTHON PROGRAMMING Previous Question Paper (October/November - 2022 - R20)

Python is a dynamically typed language where every value is an object belonging to a specific internal type. These types define the data's behavior and the operations that can be performed on them.

• Numeric Types: Include int (arbitrary precision integers), float (double-precision floating-point numbers), and complex (numbers with real and imaginary parts denoted by j).
• Sequence Types: Ordered collections of items. These include str (immutable sequences of Unicode characters), list (mutable sequences), and tuple (immutable sequences).
• Mapping Type: The dict type represents a collection of key-value pairs, providing efficient lookups.
• Set Types: set (mutable, unordered collection of unique elements) and frozenset (immutable version of a set).
• Boolean Type: The bool type represents truth values, limited to True and False.
• NoneType: Represents the absence of a value, containing only the single object None.

Python supports several categories of operators to perform operations on variables and values:

• Arithmetic Operators: Used for mathematical calculations. Examples: +, -, *, /, // (floor division), % (modulus), and ** (exponentiation). Example: 5 // 2 results in 2.
• Comparison Operators: Used to compare values. Examples: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=. Example: 10 > 5 returns True.
• Logical Operators: Used to combine conditional statements. Examples: and, or, not. Example: (x > 5 and x < 10).
• Bitwise Operators: Perform operations on binary representations. Examples: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>.
• Assignment Operators: Used to assign values to variables. Examples: =, +=, -=, *=. Example: x += 3 is equivalent to x = x + 3.
• Membership Operators: Check for existence in a sequence. Examples: in, not in. Example: 'a' in 'apple' returns True.
• Identity Operators: Compare memory locations. Examples: is, is not. Example: x is y returns True if both variables point to the same object.