Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad MCA 2023 AD-HOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS Previous Question Paper (March/April - 2023 - R20)
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B. ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions. iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b as sub questions.
Part A
Write the important characteristics of Mobile ad hoc networks.
Answer
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) possess several defining characteristics:
- Dynamic Network Topology: Nodes move independently, causing frequent changes in network connectivity.
- Autonomous Infrastructure: The network is self-organizing and self-configuring, operating without a centralized authority or base station.
- Bandwidth-Constrained Links: Wireless links have lower capacity than wired networks and are subject to signal interference and fading.
- Energy-Constrained Operation: Nodes are typically battery-powered, necessitating energy-efficient communication protocols.
- Multi-hop Routing: Data packets are forwarded through intermediate nodes to reach a destination outside the direct transmission range.
Explain the motivation for hybrid multicast protocols in Manets.
Answer
Hybrid multicast protocols are motivated by the need to overcome the limitations of purely proactive (table-driven) and purely reactive (on-demand) routing approaches. Proactive protocols suffer from high control overhead in dynamic environments due to constant route updates, while reactive protocols experience high latency during the initial route discovery phase. Hybrid protocols combine these by maintaining proactive routing for local neighborhoods or frequently accessed nodes, while employing reactive discovery for distant or less frequent communication. This balance optimizes bandwidth utilization, reduces control traffic, and minimizes latency in large-scale, highly mobile MANET environments.
Explain the differences between the two types of Geocast routing protocols.
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Explain the challenges for routing in WSN.
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What is meant by data aggregation in distributed sensor query processing?
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Part B
Give the taxonomy of routing protocols for Manets. Differentiate them.
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Illustrate the working of Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP).
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Compare and contrast DSDV and AODV protocols.
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What are the building blocks of position-based routing algorithms in ad hoc networks?
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Explain the concept in AMRIS protocol for multicast in Manets.
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Write the steps in ODMRP protocol for multicast in Manets.
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Distinguish the terms-Broadcast, multicast and geocast.
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Write about MCEDAR, a hybrid multicast protocol.
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Explain the concept in Location-Based Multicast (LBM) for Manet geocasting.
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Illustrate the working of MGR protocol for geocast in Manets.
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Explain the cross-layer architecture used in ELFN protocol for TCP in Manets.
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Write the role of extra layer in Ad hoc TCP (ATCP) scheme over ad hoc links.
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Draw a neat sketch for functional block diagram of a typical wireless sensor node.
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Explain how routing is done using Directed Diffusion protocol in Manets.
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Explain how links are established using SMACS protocol in WSNs.
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Mention the steps in SPIN family of protocols for sensor networks.
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List and brief the issues of transport layer in wireless sensor networks.
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Write about sensor database system-COUGAR.
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What are the concepts used for in-network processing in WSNs?
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Explain the role of an adaptation mechanism in the context of dynamic nature of WSNs?
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