JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD MCA 2022 ANDROID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT Previous Question Paper (February - 2022 - R15)
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Android is made up of several necessary and dependent parts. Briefly discuss the elements in Android software stack.
Answer
The Android software stack is a layered architecture designed to provide a comprehensive environment for application development. It consists of five primary layers:
- Linux Kernel: This is the foundation of the stack, providing essential hardware abstraction, memory management, process management, and security features. It includes drivers for display, camera, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi, allowing the Android OS to interact with various hardware components.
- Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): The HAL provides standard interfaces that expose hardware capabilities to the higher-level Java API framework. It allows the Android stack to remain hardware-agnostic, meaning the framework does not need to know the specific implementation details of the underlying hardware drivers.
- Android Runtime (ART) and Native Libraries: This layer includes the Android Runtime, which executes applications using ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation for performance. It also contains core native C/C++ libraries such as SQLite for database management, OpenGL for graphics, and WebKit for web browsing, which provide the low-level functionality required by applications.
- Java API Framework: This layer exposes the entire feature set of the Android OS to developers. It provides the building blocks for applications, including the View System (for UI elements like lists and buttons), Resource Manager, Notification Manager, and Content Providers, which allow apps to share data.
- System Apps: The top layer consists of the applications that come pre-installed with the device, such as the Home screen, Contacts, Browser, and Settings. These apps are built using the same APIs available to third-party developers, ensuring a consistent user experience.
Explain the building blocks of all Android applications.
Answer
The core building blocks of Android applications are fundamental components that provide the entry points for the system or users. These components are loosely coupled and defined in the application manifest file.
- Activities: Represent a single screen with a user interface. An application may consist of one or more activities that work together to form a cohesive user experience.
- Services: Components that run in the background to perform long-running operations or remote processes without a user interface. They continue to run even if the user switches to another application.
- Broadcast Receivers: Components that enable the system to deliver events to the app outside of a regular user flow, such as system-wide announcements like low battery or screen turned off.
- Content Providers: Manage access to a structured set of data. They encapsulate data and provide mechanisms for defining data security, allowing apps to share data with other applications securely.
Discuss about types of Android applications.
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Discuss the commonly used layout classes in android applications.
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Write skeleton code to show the stubs for the lifecycle handlers available in a Fragment.
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Discuss about fragment status.
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Explain how Native Android applications use Intents to launch Activities and sub-Activities.
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Write code to implement a Broadcast Receiver that extracts the data and several extras from the broadcast Intent and uses them to start a new Activity.
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How to query Content Providers asynchronously to ensure application remains responsive? Explain with an example.
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"Alarms are particularly powerful when used in combination with broadcast receivers". Support or oppose this statement with necessary examples.
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