JNTU MCA 2019 SEMANTIC WEB AND SOCIAL NETWORKS Previous Question Paper (April/May - 2019 - R15)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science dedicated to creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. Machine Intelligence refers to the computational implementation of these cognitive functions. While AI is the broader field of study, machine intelligence represents the practical realization of these capabilities within algorithms and hardware, effectively bridging the gap between theoretical human-like cognition and automated machine execution.

The merits of XML for the semantic web include its platform independence, which allows data exchange across heterogeneous systems, and its ability to provide a structured, hierarchical format that is both human-readable and machine-processable. It also supports namespaces, enabling the integration of diverse vocabularies. The demerits include its verbosity, which leads to large file sizes and increased parsing overhead. Furthermore, XML provides syntax but lacks inherent semantic meaning; it cannot describe the relationships between data entities without additional layers like RDF or schemas, making it insufficient on its own for true knowledge representation.