JNTU
JNTU Pharm. D II Year PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY Previous Question Paper (August / September - 2022 - R08)
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Main
Write the general classification of Microbial kingdom.
Answer
The microbial kingdom is broadly classified into prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms based on cellular organization. The primary classification includes:
- Prokaryotes: These lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. This group includes Bacteria and Archaea.
- Eukaryotes: These possess a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This group includes Fungi (yeasts and molds), Protozoa, and Algae.
- Viruses: These are acellular entities consisting of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat, requiring a living host cell for replication.
Write the general features of spirochetes with a neat diagram.
Answer
Spirochetes are a group of Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria characterized by their unique morphology and motility mechanism.
General Features:
- Morphology: They are long, slender, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped) cells.
- Motility: They possess axial filaments (endoflagella) located in the periplasmic space between the inner and outer membranes. These filaments rotate to produce a characteristic twisting or flexing motion.
- Reproduction: They reproduce by transverse binary fission.
- Habitat: They are found in diverse environments, including aquatic habitats, soil, and as commensals or pathogens in animals (e.g., Treponema pallidum).
Diagram Description: The diagram consists of a long, flexible, helical cell body. Inside the outer sheath, axial filaments (endoflagella) are shown running longitudinally along the length of the cell, anchored at one or both ends, facilitating the characteristic corkscrew motility.
Explain essential differences in the media composition of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
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Explain various procedures used in the isolation of pure culture of bacteria.
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What are different sterilization methods used for pharmaceutical products?
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Write about the aetiology of the diseases: i) Malaria ii) Hepatitis.
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Write about the microbiological assay of
Vitamin B12
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Streptomycin.
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Write about the following: i) Southern blot ii) Widal Test iii) Shick’s test.
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Schematic representation of Life cycle of Plasmodium.
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Write about toxins and toxoids.
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Write the significance of Booster dose in vaccination.
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Explain about few preservatives used in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Write about staining techniques used in the identification of bacteria.
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Explain various methods to cultivate the viruses.
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Write about the differences between Vaccines and sera.
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