JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

The student shall know important physical properties of drug molecules,

phase value & its importance. Different law of thermodynamics, electrolyte and non- electrolyte solutions, importance of pH and drug research.

Course Outcome

Student will know about physical properties of molecules, three laws of

thermodynamics, properties of electrolytes and non electrolytes, pH and buffers. They also understand the importance of these studies in the physical pharmaceutics & Formulation development.

UNIT - I

Physical properties of Drug Molecules: Dielectric constant induced polarization, dipole moment, refractive index and molar refraction and optical rotatory dispersion.

UNIT - II

• a. Phase equilibria and the phase rule:- System containing single component, System containing two component, two component system containing solid and liquid phases, three component systems
• b. Thermodynamics: The first law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics. The third law of thermodynamics, Free energy functions and applications.

UNIT - III

• a. Solutions of Electrolytes: Properties of solutions of electrolytes. The Arrhenius theory of electrolyte dissociation. The modern theory of strong electrolytes and other coefficients for expressing colligative properties.
• b. Solutions of Non electrolytes: Concentration expressions, ideal and real solutions, colligative properties, molecular weight determinations.

UNIT - IV

Ionic equilibria: Modern theories of acids, bases and salts, Sorensen's pH scale, species concentration as a function of pH, calculation of pH and acidity constants.

UNIT - V

Buffers and buffered isotonic systems: The buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions, methods of adjusting tonicity and pH (relevant numerical problems).

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Patrick J. Sinko, Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fifth Edition.
• 2. C. V. S. Subramanyam, Essentials of Physical Pharmacy, Vallabh Prakashan.
• 3. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences.

REFERENCES:

• 1. Pharmacopoeias, (I.P., B.P., U.S.P. and European.)
• 2. Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia; latest edition, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society.