JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

The student shall be exposed to various aspects of handling of fluids,

application of filtration, centrifugation, crystallization and humidification in pharmaceutical industry.

Course Outcome

Student will understand the concepts of fluid flow, parameter of filtration,

centrifugation, crystallization and humidification. They also understand the safety factors and posses a sound knowledge on the above aspects.

UNIT - I

• a. Fluid Flow: Types of flow, Reynold's number, viscosity, concept of boundary layer, basic equations of fluid flow, valves, flow meters, manometers and measurement of flow and pressure.
• b. Dehumidification and Humidity control Basic concepts and definition, wet bulb and adiabatic saturation temperature. Psychrometric chart and measurement of humidity, application of humidity measurement in pharmacy, equipments for dehumidification operations.

UNIT - II

Filtration and Centrifugation: Theory of filtration, filter aids, filter media, industrial filters including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter, etc. Factors affecting filtration, mathematical problems of filtration, optimum-cleaning cycle in batch filters. Principles of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters, centrifugal filters, and centrifugal sedimeters.

UNIT - III

Crystalization: Characteristics of crystals like; purity, size, shape, geometry, habit, forms, size and factors affecting it. Solubility curves and calculation of yields. Supersaturation theory and its limitations. Nucleation mechanisms, crystal growth. Study of various types of crystallizers such as Swenson walker crystalizer, vacuum crystalizer, crystal crystallizer. Caking of crystals and its prevention. Numerical problems on yields.

UNIT - IV

Distillation: Raoult's law, phase diagrams, volatility, simple steam and flash distillations, principles of rectification, Azeotropic and extractive distillation.

UNIT - V

Industrial hazards and safety precautions: Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, fire and dust hazards. Industrial dermatities, accident records etc.

TEXT BOOKS

• 1. S.J. Carter, Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy 6th ed CBS publisher, Delhi.
• 2. C.V.S. Subramanayam, Pharmaceutial Unit Operation, Vallabh Prakashan
• 3. Prof. K. Samba Murthy, Pharmaceutical Engineering.

REFERENCES

• 1. Perry’s Handbook of Chemical Engineering.
• 2. Unit Operations by Mc Cabe & Smith.