JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

Microbiology is always considered to be an essential component of Pharmacy

curriculum because of its relevance to pharmaceutical sciences and more specifically to pharmaceutical industry. This course deals with the various aspects of microorganism their classification morphology, laboratory cultivation, identification, maintenance and control of microorganism, sterility testing and biosafety measures. The course also covers bacterial genetics, drug resistance and microbiological assays and microbial limit tests.

Course Outcomes

Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to –

• know the anatomy, identification & cultivation of microorganisms
• Perform sterilization of various pharmaceutical products, equipment, culture media etc.
• Perform sterility testing of pharmaceutical products.
• Perform microbiological assay of antibiotics, Vitamins and amino acids
• Do microbiological analysis of air, water and milk

UNIT - I

• a. Introduction to Microbiology: Origin, scope and discovery of spontanesous generation theory, contributions of Antony Van Leewenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Joseph Lister.
• b. Diversity of Microorganisms: Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes – three domains of life (bacteria, archea and eurkaryotics). A detailed study of bacteria, yeasts, molds and viruses including their classification. Characterization and identification of microorganisms.

UNIT - II

Nutrition and Growth of Microbes: Nutritional requirements, Types of nutrient media and growth conditions and Nutritional types based on energy source. Isolation, cultivation (aerobic & anaerobic) and preservation of microorganisms, physiology of growth, bacterial growth curve, influence of various factors (including environmental factors) on microbial growth, Enumeration of bacteria. Exponential growth and generation time. Bacterial growth in batch and continous culture (chemostat and turbidostat) synchronous growth.

UNIT - III

• a. Control of Microorganisms: General concepts, Inhibition of growth and killing, sterilization and disinfection, antisepis and sanitation, mode of action applications & limitations of physical agents (moist and dry heat, radiation and filtration) and chemical agents. Various types of disinfectants, factors affecting sterilization and disinfection, evaluation of antimicrobial activity.
• b. Official methods of sterility testing of pharmaceuticals and biosafety measures.

UNIT - IV

Bacterial Genetics: Genetic recombination in bacteria, DNA replication, transcription and translation. Gene regulation (lac operon and tryptophan operon). Mutagenesis, chemical and physical mutagens. A study on drug resistance.

UNIT - V

• a. Introduction to Microbiology of Air, Water and milk. Methods of quantitative evaluation of microbial Contamination.
• b. Microbiological Assays: Principles and methods involved in assay of Antibiotics, Vitamins, Amino acids & Bio-Sensors in Analysis.
• c. Microbial limit tests official in IP

TEXT BOOKS

• 1. Pelzar and Reid, Text Book of Microbiology
• 2. Anantha Narayan and Jayram Panikar, Text Book of Microbiology, Orient Longman, Delhi, Hyderabad.
• 3. Indian Pharmacopoeia, 1996

REFERENCES

• 1. Tortora / Funke / Care / Microbiology an introduction.
• 2. Stephen. P, Denyer, N.A. Hodger- Hugo & Russel’s Pharmaceutical Microbiology .