JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objective

The main purpose of subject is to impart the students the knowledge of how the

secondary metabolites are produced in the crude drugs, how to isolate and identify and produce them industrially. Also this subject involves the study of producing the plants and phytochemicals through plant tissue culture, drug interactions and basic principles of traditional system of medicine

Course Outcomes

Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able

• To know the modern extraction techniques, characterization and identification of the herbal drugs and phytoconstituents
• To understand the preparation and development of herbal formulation.
• To understand the herbal drug interactions
• To carryout isolation and identification of phytoconstituents

UNIT - I

Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination

• Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway.
• Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.

UNIT - II

General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, general methods of extraction & analysis, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary metabolites. Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium, Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis Volatile oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander,

UNIT - III

Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian, Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids

UNIT - IV

Isolation, Identification and analysis of phytoconstituents

• a. Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral and Artemisin
• b. Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid and Rutin
• c. Alkaloids: atropine, Quinine, Reserpine and Caffeine
• d. Resins: Podophyllotoxin and Curcumin

UNIT - V

Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents: Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine. Modern methods of extraction.

TEXT BOOKS

(Latest Editions)

• 1. W. C. Evans, Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co., London, 2009. R17 B. PHARMACY III YEAR
• 2. Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New Delhi.
• 3. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition, Nirali Prakashan, New Delhi.
• 4. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
• 5. Essentials of Pharmacognosy, Dr. SH. Ansari, IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
• 6. Herbal Cosmetics by H. Pande, Asia Pacific Business press, Inc, New Delhi.
• 7. A. N. Kalia, Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.
• 8. R Endress, Plant cell Biotechnology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
• 9. Pharmacognosy & Pharmacobiotechnology. James Bobbers, Marilyn KS, VE Tylor.
• 10. The formulation and preparation of cosmetic, fragrances and flavours.
• 11. Remington’s Pharmaceutical sciences.
• 12. Text Boo of Biotechnology by Vyas and Dixit.
• 13. Text Book of Biotechnology by R. C. Dubey. R17 B. PHARMACY III YEAR