JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Overview

Scope: Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to such disease producing causes. This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology, but also to get baseline knowledge required to practice medicine safely, confidently, rationally and effectively.

Course Objectives

Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to–

• Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;
• Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
• Mention the complications of the diseases.

UNIT - I

Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation: Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, causes of cellular injury, Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage), Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia), Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis &Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair: Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation, Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the skin, Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

UNIT - II

Cardiovascular System: Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis) Respiratory system: Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases. Renal system: Acute and chronic renal failure

UNIT - III

Haematological Diseases: Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer

UNIT - IV

Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease. Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and gout Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer

UNIT - V

Infectious diseases: Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections, SARS virus including COVID 19, Conjunctivitis, Measles Sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

TEXT BOOKS

(Latest Editions)

• 1. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abas, Jon C. Aster; Robbins &Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease; South Asia edition; India; Elsevier; 2014.
• 2. Harsh Mohan; Text book of Pathology; 6th edition; India; Jaypee Publications; 2010.
• 3. Laurence B, Bruce C, Bjorn K.; Goodman Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis ofTherapeutics; 12th edition; New York; McGraw-Hill; 2011.
• 4. Sujesh M., Pathophysiology for Pharmacy - A Concise Review, Pharma Med Press
• 5. Best, Charles Herbert 1899-1978; Taylor, Norman Burke 1885-1972; West, John B (John Burnard); Best and Taylor’s Physiological basis of medical practice; 12th ed; united states;
• 6. William and Wilkins, Baltimore;1991 [1990 printing].
• 7. Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston; Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine; 21st edition; London; ELBS/Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
• 8. Guyton A, John. E Hall; Textbook of Medical Physiology; 12th edition; WB Saunders Company; 2010.
• 9. Joseph DiPiro,Robert L. Talbert,Gary Yee,Barbara Wells,L. Michael Posey;Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach; 9th edition; London; McGraw-Hill Medical; 2014.
• 10. V. Kumar, R. S. Cotran and S. L. Robbins; Basic Pathology; 6th edition; Philadelphia; WB Saunders Company; 1997.
• 11. Roger Walker, Clive Edwards; Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; 3rd edition; London; Churchill Livingstone publication; 2003.