JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Overview

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure andfunctions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.

Course Objectives

Upon completion of this course the student should be able to

• Explain the gross morphology, structure, and functions of various organs of the human body.
• Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
• Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
• Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.
• Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system

UNIT - I

Introduction to human body Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology. Cellular level of organization Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine Tissue level of organization Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.

UNIT - II

Integumentary system Structure and functions of skin Skeletal system Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features, and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction, neuromuscular junction Joints Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its articulation

UNIT - III

Nervous system Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters. Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid.Structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts, reflex activity)

UNIT - IV

Peripheral nervous system: Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves. Special senses: Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.

UNIT - V

Endocrine system Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.

TEXT BOOKS

(Latest Editions)

• 1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypeebrothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
• 2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, New York
• 3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
• 4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
• 5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
• 6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
• 7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
• 8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS

(Latest Editions)

• 1. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
• 2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
• 3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata