JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Overview

Scope: This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of electrochemical analysis of drugs

Course Objectives

Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

• understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis
• carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations
• develop analytical skills

UNIT - I

• (a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope
• i) Different techniques of analysis
• ii) Methods of expressing concentration
• iii) Primary and secondary standards.
• iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions-Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate
• (b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision and significant figures

UNIT - II

Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification ofacid base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves Non-aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration andestimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl

UNIT - III

Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, ModifiedVolhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of sodium chloride. Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, maskingand demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium gluconate. Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purityof the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium sulphate.

UNIT - IV

Redox titrations:

• (a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
• (b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications) Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration withpotassium iodate

UNIT - V

Electrochemical methods of analysis: Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometrictitrations, applications. Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and workingof reference (Standard hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and glass electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric titration and applications. Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction andworking of dropping mercury electrode and rotating platinum electrode, applications

TEXT BOOKS

(Latest Editions)

• 1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press of University of London
• 2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis by Badwaik Hemant R. published by Pharma Med Press
• 3. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
• 4. P. GunduRao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• 5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• 6. John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles
• 7. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
• 8. Badwaik Hemant R., Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharma Med Press