JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Overview

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure andfunctions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.

Course Objectives

Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:

• Explain the gross morphology, structure, and functions of various organs of the human body.
• Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
• Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
• Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, hemoglobin estimation, bleeding/clotting time etc and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory volume.
• Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
• Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis) of human body.

UNIT - I

Body fluids and blood Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system. Lymphatic system Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system

UNIT - II

Cardiovascular system Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.

UNIT - III

Digestive system Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, (Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestineand large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT. Respiratory system Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration

UNIT - IV

Respiratory system Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, and resuscitation methods. Urinary system Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.

UNIT - V

Reproductive system Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition

Introduction to genetics Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance

TEXT BOOKS

(Latest Editions)

• 1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypeebrothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
• 2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, New York
• 3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
• 4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
• 5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
• 6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypeebrothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
• 7. Human Anatomy and Physiology-II by Singh Amteshwar Jaggi, Pharmamed Press

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• 1. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
• 2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
• 3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata