JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

The course deals with the various physical, physicochemical properties andprinciple

involved in dosage forms, formulations. Theory and practical components of the subject help the student to get a better insight in to various areas of formulation research and development and stability studies of pharmaceuticals.

Course Outcomes

Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to:

• Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage form.
• Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them in assigning expiry date for formulation.
• Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in evaluation of dosage forms.
• Appreciate physicochemical properties of drug molecules in formulation research and development.

UNIT - I

States of Matter and properties of matter: State of matter, changes in the state of matter, latent heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols– inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solid-crystalline, amorphous & polymorphism. Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant, determinations and applications

UNIT - II

Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs, Dissolution & drug release, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility of gas in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions, azeotropic mixtures, fractional distillation. Partially miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature (CST) and applications. Distribution law, its limitations and applications

UNIT - III

Micromeretics: Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weightdistribution, particle number, methods for determining particle size by (different methods), counting and separation method, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.

UNIT - IV

Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of Complexation, Applications, methods of analysis, protein binding, Complexation and drug action, crystalline structures of complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.

UNIT - V

pH, buffers and Isotonic solutions: Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination ectrometric and calorimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions. Isotonicity, Colligative properties and determination of tonicity of a system.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

• 1. Physical pharmacy by Alfred Martin
• 2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
• 3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
• 4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea &Febiger, Philadelphia.
• 5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume 1-3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
• 6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc.
• 7. Physical pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C and ManavalanR.
• 8. Manavalan et. Al, Physical Pharmaceutics, Pharma Med Press