JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Course Objectives

The course deals with the various physical, physicochemical properties andprinciple

involved in dosage forms, formulations. Theory and practical components of the subject help the student to get a better insight in to various areas of formulation research and development and stability studies of pharmaceuticals.

Course Outcomes

Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to

• Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage form
• Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them in assigning expiry date for Formulation
• Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in evaluation of dosage forms.
• Appreciate physicochemical properties of drug molecules in formulation research and Development

UNIT - I

Drug stability: Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basicrate constants, determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis, Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Photolytic degradation and its prevention

UNIT - II

Rheology: Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatants, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain, Elastic Modulus

UNIT - III

Coarse dispersion: Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling insuspensions, formulation of suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Physical stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions, phase equilibria and emulsion formulation.

UNIT - IV

Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial tensions, surface free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB Scale, solubilisation, detergency, adsorption at solid interface.

UNIT - V

Colloidal dispersions: Classification of dispersed systems & their generalcharacteristics, size & shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

• 1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
• 2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
• 3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
• 4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
• 5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume 1-3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
• 6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc.
• 7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
• 8. Vidyadhara et al. Physical Pharmaceutics – II, Pharma Med Press