JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

UNIT - I

Laws and Regulation: Historical background. Regulatory test procedures (European cycles). Exhaust gas pollutants (European rail road limits), particulate pollutants, European statutory values, inspection of vehicles in circulation (influence of actual traffic conditions and influence of vehicle maintenance).Euro norms, Bharat stages. Automobile pollutants: Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds - (CO, CO2, NOx), Ammonia and Amines, Hydrocarbons, volatile compounds, evaporative losses, analysis of particulates.

UNIT - II

Pollutants from SI engines; Mechanism & formation of HC, CO, and NOx in SI engines. Engine and operating variables affecting pollutants in SI engines. Control technologies like catalytic converter and Exhaust Gas Recirculation systems. Pollution from CI engines; Mechanism of formation of HC, CO, NOx, and Soot in CI engines. Factors affecting emissions in CI engines.

UNIT - III

Lean burn & stratified charge engines. Multipoint fuel injection and Gasoline direct injection methods. Common rail fuel injection in diesel engines. Exhaust gas recirculation. Post combustion treatments: Introduction, exhaust gas composition before treatment, catalytic converters, oxidation and three way types thermal reactors, installation of catalysts in exhaust lines, NOx treatment in diesel engines, particulate traps for diesel engines, particulate trap regeneration.

UNIT - IV

Instrumentation for pollution measurements: NDIR-analysers, thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors, analyzers for Nox, Gas chromatograph. Orsat apparatus, smoke meters- spot sampling and continuous indication types like Bosch, Hartridge. Particulate measuring systems. Dilution tunnels – full flow and partial flow.

UNIT - V

SI and CI engine fuel requirements Knock in SI and CI engines. Knock rating of SI and CI Engine fuels. Alternative fuel like Hydrogen, Natural gas, LPG, Vegetable oil and biodiesel, their production, properties, storage and performance as engine fuels. Economic challenges: Introduction, cost of improvement to SI engines, cost of injection systems, cost of improvement in Diesel engines, economic consequences of introducing the catalyst, additional costs incurred by diesel traps. cost of periodic inspection of pollution control systems and evaporative control systems.

R16 B.TECH AUTOMOBILE ENGG.

TEXT BOOKS:

• 1. Bosch – Gasoline fuel injection – Bosch Publications
• 2. Bosch – Diesel fuel injection – Bosch Publications

REFERENCES:

• 1. Automobiles and Pollution –Paul Degobert (SAE) .
• 2. Diesel engine operation manual- V.L Maleev, CBS Pub
• 3. I.C. Engines -E.F. Obert, Harper& Row
• 4. Engine emission -Springer and Patterson, Plenum Press
• 5. Heins Aeisth – Internal Combustion Engines – SAE Publications. R16 B.TECH AUTOMOBILE ENGG.